From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

My master often spoke of his teacher’s belief in the importance of consistent martial training. He shared stories of his teacher’s journey, how he devoted himself to a level of practice that went beyond physical skill to shape his spirit and mind. Much like traditional Kabuki actors who sustain their roles off-stage, his master insisted that training be an integral, daily practice. As martial artists, my master’s teacher would say, we must embrace Bufu Ikkan, or “consistent warrior living.” This was his core lesson: never give up. Keep going.

Early Years: Devotion Beyond Normal Limits

In his early days of training, my teacher was determined to achieve greatness. He threw himself into physical practice three times harder than other students. He put in three times the mental focus and invested three times the resources to gain the wisdom he needed. Through this intense devotion, he became very strong.

But as he grew in strength, he felt a strange weakness arise. This new vulnerability troubled him deeply, and despite his efforts, he couldn’t identify its cause. Yet, he trusted his training and continued, confident that the martial tradition itself would bring clarity.

“The way of the warrior is the resolute acceptance of death.” — Miyamoto Musashi

The Challenge of Illness: A Test of True Strength

One day, my master faced a powerful enemy—illness. It left him weak, even struggling to stand. At times, he couldn’t see. For five years, he endured this trial, and the demands of his illness made him feel that giving up might be easier than living. It was here that he discovered his past strength had been an illusion. His power depended on his health; as his health declined, so did his strength.

True strength, he learned, must go beyond physical condition. Strength that fades in hardship is merely temporary. So, even in his weakened state, he continued training however he could. Slowly, he began to regain his health.

“One must polish one’s heart daily, like a sword.” — Yagyū Munenori

Adapting Training to Life’s Changes

Looking back, he realized that consistent martial training had carried him through his years of illness. He had adapted his training to fit his limited energy and discovered that training must evolve with life’s stages. He learned that young warriors train intensely, while older ones need a more focused approach. Even illness has its own form of training, and facing death is the final training of a warrior.

True strength, my master would say, comes from matching our training to our current reality. Training adapted to life stages becomes a source of lasting, resilient strength.

“The wise warrior avoids the battle; when he must fight, he fights only to win.” — Tsunetomo Yamamoto

Rethinking Strength

After years of illness, my master understood that true power goes beyond the physical. It doesn’t depend on speed or brute force. Instead, he came to value “natural and fitting technique”—a strength that flows with nature and conditions, not against them. In doing so, he found a higher, adaptive strength beyond what traditional martial arts schools might teach.

Pushing Through Difficult Periods

My teacher knew martial artists often face times when techniques seem impossible, and training becomes frustrating. He taught that these periods of struggle are crucial. Like a snake shedding its skin, we too must experience discomfort to grow. This “molting period,” as he called it, can tempt martial artists to look elsewhere for easier techniques. Yet, he advised against these distractions, saying they’re a temporary escape, not a solution.

However, he also cautioned that not everyone is suited to master every art. Sometimes, a goal may simply not fit, and one may need to reevaluate their path. But for those who feel a true calling, consistent martial training will provide growth beyond these challenging phases.

The Power of Sincere Commitment

My master always taught that true training requires a pure, sincere heart, not just an accumulation of techniques. Training without self-awareness produces only a scholar, a “walking catalog of techniques” without heart. Only those who commit deeply and consistently will discover the true essence of martial arts and gain the lasting strength that lies beyond technique.

Footnotes:

1. Bufu Ikkan (武風一貫) – A phrase meaning “consistent warrior living.” Bufu refers to “martial wind” or warrior spirit, while Ikkan means “one path” or consistency.
2. Kabuki (歌舞伎) – A classical Japanese dance-drama where male actors take all roles, embodying their characters on and off the stage.
3. Shudan (修鍛) – Represents lifelong training, blending 修 (discipline or cultivation) and 鍛 (forging or tempering).
4. Netsu (熱) – Meaning “heat” or “passion,” representing one’s enthusiasm and fervor in training.
5. Nekki (熱気) – A combination of “heat” (netsu) and “spirit” (ki), symbolizing energetic presence and intensity in practice.

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From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

In martial arts, passion as the Source of Training Motivation. This “heat of passion” transforms training from a mechanical repetition of techniques into a journey toward mastery. Without this energy, your training can stagnate, failing to reach the true essence of the art. Just as iron loses its potential when it cools before being fully forged, a martial artist loses purpose without the fire of passion.

Heat and Spirit in the Training

In Japanese, “heat” (netsu) connects to numerous words that reflect the intensity required to master any art form. Nesshin (熱心) represents “enthusiasm” or “spirit fueled by heat”; nekkyo (熱狂) signifies “excitement”; and netsuretsu (熱烈) translates as “passionate.” These words reveal how essential fiery intensity is when shaping or transforming anything, including a martial artist. Each training session becomes an opportunity to cultivate this heat, constantly working on weaknesses and enhancing strengths. The cycle of passion and perseverance propels personal growth.

“The path is simple; it is the heart that makes it difficult.” — Anonymous samurai proverb.

Mastery Through Passion: Attaining the Gokui

Martial arts contain a concept known as the Gokui (極意), which translates as “mastering the secrets.” These secrets are often found in ancient scrolls, written in language that obscures their meaning to prevent uninitiated readers from accessing them. They may seem simple, but understanding how to apply these teachings requires time and experience. For example, the formula for calculating a circle’s circumference (C = πD) seems straightforward, yet immense effort and insight were needed to discover it. Similarly, in martial arts, knowing techniques or kata alone isn’t enough. The secrets lie in how these insights connect and transform practice into understanding.

“The man who has attained mastery does not hold on to fixed forms.” — Takuan Sōhō.

Levels of Mastery in Martial Lineages

In authentic martial traditions, growth continues beyond any predefined endpoint. My teachers teacher, Toshitsugu Takamatsu, imparted four levels of mastery: Shoden (初伝), “beginning transmission”; Chuden (中伝), “middle transmission”; Okuden (奥伝), “inner transmission”; and finally Kaiden (皆伝), or “total transmission.” These levels guide students from basic skill to complete understanding of the lineage’s training method. From there, the practitioner must pursue personal mastery.

Each level serves as a foundation for deeper insights and techniques, yet mastery remains an ongoing journey.

“Mastery is not a goal but a journey, a path never fully traveled.” — Yagyū Munenori.

Training Without Limit: Beyond Techniques

People often ask how many techniques a martial artist knows, as if mastery were a checklist. But in living martial traditions, it’s not the number of techniques that matters—it’s how passion guides you to apply and internalize them. 武風一貫 Bufu Ikkan, or consistent and earnest training, surpasses the memorization of techniques alone. Memorization doesn’t lead to mastery; only a deep-rooted passion can transform knowledge into skill and skill into enlightenment.

Footnotes

1. Netsu (熱) – Kanji for “heat,” representing the essential force behind enthusiasm, ardor, and passion.
2. Nesshin (熱心) – Combination of netsu (熱, heat) and shin (心, spirit or heart), meaning “enthusiasm.”
3. Gokui (極意) – Means “mastering the secrets”; goku (極) for “extreme” and i (意) for “intent or meaning.”
4. Bufu Ikkan (武風一貫) – Means “consistent observation of martial wind or tradition.”
5. Shoden (初伝) – “Beginning transmission,” with sho (初) meaning “first” or “beginning,” and den (伝) meaning “transmission.”

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From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

This text about don’t forget about solo training summarizes a chapter from Masaaki Hatsumi’s “Hiden Togakure Ryū Ninpō.” It emphasizes the importance of solo training in martial arts, drawing on Hatsumi’s experiences in nature.

Don’t Forget Solo Training – A Vital Part of Martial Arts Mastery

In modern martial arts, practitioners often neglect solo training, focusing solely on group classes and teacher-led instruction. However, the author of “Hiden Togakure Ryu Ninpo” highlights the importance of solitary practice, drawing on personal experiences from the Japanese warrior tradition. Early training involved long, isolated periods in the mountains, where nature became the author’s sparring partner.

Trees, branches, and roots replaced human opponents, offering unique challenges for strikes, throws, and sweeps. This form of training developed not only physical skills but also mental clarity, awareness, and the ability to read the environment. Including the animals inhabiting the forest. Through this process, the practitioner learned valuable lessons about both the martial arts and life itself.

Solo Training vs. Group Instruction

While an excellent teacher is a significant asset. The author argues that martial arts students often encounter teachers who lack the depth of knowledge they claim to possess. Relying entirely on such instruction can lead to becoming a “puppet,” performing techniques without genuine understanding. In contrast, solo training forces the individual to develop their skills through personal trial and error. Leading to a deeper, more authentic mastery. The freedom to explore techniques independently can foster creativity and self-discovery that structured classes may stifle.

The Role of the Teacher

Interestingly, even when a skilled teacher is available, students may still choose to train independently. The author, as a martial arts instructor, has observed that some students prefer their methods. Even when they may be misguided.

In such cases, rather than forcing the student to adhere strictly to the teacher’s lessons. The author allows them to follow their path. This hands-off approach can sometimes lead the student to unexpected learning moments. Much like an apprentice who absorbs knowledge through prolonged exposure rather than direct instruction.

The Balance Between Discipline and Freedom

The key to effective martial arts training lies in balancing discipline with freedom. Overloading a student with too many lessons can be counterproductive, leading to burnout or confusion. The author believes in allowing students to progress at their own pace. Offering advanced techniques only to those who are ready to handle them. True martial arts mastery isn’t about memorizing countless moves or self-defense tricks—it’s about cultivating awareness, mental clarity, and readiness.

Solo Training and Broader Learning

The author encourages martial arts students, especially young ones, to embrace solo training as a part of their personal growth. Martial arts is not just about physical combat but a holistic discipline that includes philosophy, psychology, history, and even subjects like physics and chemistry. By being fascinated with martial arts, students can find motivation in every area of life. Turning each experience into an opportunity for learning and self-improvement.

The Philosophy of Continuous Learning

Ultimately, martial arts is a lifelong journey. The phrase “Jinsei hitori geiko nari” (“Life is made up of solo training”) encapsulates this philosophy. Every moment of life, whether in the dojo or outside, offers lessons if one remains open and committed to self-examination. Solo training not only builds martial arts skills but also fosters personal growth. Leading to a life rich in discoveries and insights.

In conclusion, solo training should not be forgotten. It is a powerful tool for developing both the body and the mind. Enabling martial artists to achieve true mastery and personal fulfillment.

More about this book

戸隠忍法流・生きる知恵
秘伝戸隠流忍法
初見良昭著
1989年4月30日発行

Togakure Ninpō Ryū: Wisdom of Living
Hiden Togakure Ryū Ninpō (Secret Tradition of Togakure Ryū Ninpō)
Written by Masaaki Hatsumi
Published on April 30, 1989
ISBN4-8069-0240-1 C2075 P1130E

Mitsugu Saotome

Mitsugu Saotome (1926–2008), pen name of Kanegae Hideyoshi, was a renowned Japanese writer of historical fiction. Winning prestigious awards like the Naoki Prize and Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for Literature. By 1989, he was a highly respected literary figure. Known for his expertise in Japanese history, particularly from the Shōwa and Heisei periods.

His endorsement of Masaaki Hatsumi’s book “Hiden Togakure Ryu Ninpo” in 1989 was a significant honor due to Saotome’s established reputation. As a leading author of historical narratives, his approval carried weight.Especially for a work dealing with Japan’s martial and ninja traditions. Saotome’s validation not only lent credibility but also likely attracted wider attention to Hatsumi’s book. Making it more appealing to readers interested in history and martial arts.

In short, Saotome’s endorsement was a mark of quality. Given his influence and prestige in Japan’s literary world, making it a substantial boost for the book’s reception and success.

A Book that Serves as a Guide to Life

Author: Saotome Mitsugu

In my historical novels, many ninjas make appearances. As a result, they are often called “ninjutsu novels,” but I am not writing about ninjutsu, I am writing about ninjas. It is rare for ninjas to surface in the mainstream history of the Warring States period. However, in reality, many events were shaped by the actions of ninjas.

Yet, these “shinobi” who lived in the night and moved in the shadows were often unrecognized technicians. They constantly walked a tightrope and had to survive in an environment filled with contempt. The techniques developed and passed down by these ninjas are a unique, blood-earned art form in the world. The term “shinobi” cannot be accurately translated into any other language, just as it is difficult for foreigners to fully comprehend the true meaning of bushidō.

Hatsumi-kun, a modern-day ninja, is the legitimate successor to the techniques of the former ninjas and is famous today for his unparalleled skill. He is highly respected in his community as a skilled bonesetter, and his character and wisdom are equally admirable.

Hatsumi teaches his disciples that the true meaning of being shinobi lies in enduring hardship, and that only by overcoming the trials and tribulations of life can one develop their character, thereby perfecting their techniques.

In today’s chaotic human world, Hatsumi-kun, who truly understands the meaning of endurance and perseverance, has written this book. It not only explains the true path of the ninja but will surely serve as a guide for living. This is the reason I confidently recommend it to the public.

— At Aoyama Shoten

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From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

Introduction to the Four Worlds of Mastery

The Four Worlds of Mastery

In the disciplined and deeply philosophical world of Bujinkan, the journey from novice to master involves more than physical prowess. Additionally, it encompasses profound personal growth. The “Four Worlds of Mastery” guide this path, mirroring the traditional martial arts progression of Shu-Ha-Ri. It also highlights common cognitive biases, such as the Dunning-Kruger effect. Understanding these stages offers practitioners a roadmap for development that extends beyond physical skills to encompass mental and spiritual maturation.

Incompetent Awareness

“Incompetent awareness” marks the initial stage in a martial artist’s journey. Here, you recognize your novice status and embrace the humility that comes with starting anew. Like the Shu phase in Shu-Ha-Ri, this stage is about strict adherence to form and technique, absorbing knowledge like a sponge. You learn to perform kata (forms) and techniques exactly as taught, respecting the wisdom and effectiveness of established methods. This phase is foundational, as it builds the discipline and basic skills necessary for advanced exploration.

Incompetent Unawareness

As skills and confidence grow, practitioners often enter the stage of “incompetent unawareness,” where the Dunning-Kruger effect becomes most apparent. Here, you might feel more competent than you actually are due to initial successes and basic fluency in techniques. This stage is a critical juncture and reflects the early transition from Shu to Ha, where the danger lies in becoming complacent with one’s perceived level of skill.

You must remain vigilant to continue pushing boundaries and seeking deeper understanding instead of settling for superficial knowledge. This stage urges practitioners to recognize the breadth of what they don’t know and to approach training with a critical eye.

Competent Awareness

Transitioning into “competent awareness,” practitioners begin to deeply integrate their skills and knowledge. This stage aligns with the Ha phase of Shu-Ha-Ri, characterized by experimentation and adaptation. You understand the principles behind each technique and start to experiment with variations, adapting what you’ve learned to suit different situations and personal style.

This is a period of reflection and critical thinking, where you assess your abilities realistically and work on refining your techniques. Here, the practitioner is skilled and knowledgeable yet remains acutely aware of the limitations and gaps in their expertise.

Competent and Unaware

The final stage, “competent and unaware,” is where true mastery begins to shine. This stage mirrors the Ri phase, where practitioners execute techniques with natural ease and deep-rooted skill, making them appear instinctual.

At this level, the mind no longer consciously dictates actions; the body responds to threats and opportunities with a fluidity and grace that seem almost preternatural. This is the stage where practice transcends physical action and becomes a form of moving meditation, embodying the essence of Bujinkan in every motion.

Overwhelming Spirit

In Shinden Shura Roppō Takamatsu Sensei wrote about this experience.

In what category would you place the student of Toda Sensei? Where would you put the Sekiguchi student? I think it is an interesting story that teach us that sometimes courage is better than skills.

Integrating Shu-Ha-Ri and Dunning-Kruger into Bujinkan Training

Integrating the understanding of Shu-Ha-Ri, traditionally viewed as a 30-year progression, along with the awareness of cognitive biases like the Dunning-Kruger effect, is crucial for holistic development in Bujinkan training.

Recognizing your current position within these stages is essential for maintaining a realistic assessment of your skills and encouraging ongoing improvement. Furthermore, the Dunning-Kruger effect serves as a vital reminder to stay humble and vigilant. It urges you to continuously question your level of skill and actively seek feedback from more experienced practitioners.

Practical Applications and Training Advice

To navigate these stages effectively, consider the following practical steps:

• Seek Continuous Feedback: Regularly seek out feedback from instructors and peers to gain an accurate understanding of your skill level.
• Engage in Deliberate Practice: Focus on areas of weakness and continuously challenge yourself with new learning opportunities.
• Reflect and Journal: Maintain a training journal to reflect on lessons learned, challenges faced, and progress made.
• Teach Others: Teaching is a powerful tool for deepening understanding and identifying gaps in one’s own knowledge.
• Stay Open to Learning: Cultivate the mind of a three-year-old, an age marked by peak curiosity and learning. Embrace this beginner’s mindset at every stage of your expertise to continuously discover new insights and techniques.

Conclusion

Navigating the “Four Worlds of Mastery” in Bujinkan calls for a balanced mix of rigorous practice, self-assessment, and personal growth. By moving through each stage—from eager learner to master practitioner—you partake in both the physical and transformative aspects of martial arts. This process molds both mind and spirit. The journey reflects Shu-Ha-Ri’s lasting principles and provides a challenging path to mastery. Recognizing these stages and the pitfalls of the Dunning-Kruger effect equips you with essential tools for true mastery in Bujinkan.

Footnotes:

1. Shu (守): Shu means to protect or obey. It emphasizes the importance of learning foundational techniques exactly as taught, without deviation.
2. Ha (破): Ha means to break. In martial arts, this stage is about breaking away from traditions to explore and adapt techniques personally.
3. Ri (離): Ri means to separate or transcend. It signifies achieving a level of skill so advanced that techniques are executed instinctively and effortlessly.
4. Dunning-Kruger Effect: A cognitive bias wherein individuals with low ability at a task overestimate their ability, while those with high ability underestimate theirs, often due to a lack of self-awareness.

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