I once read that the Amatsu Tatara scrolls themselves were said to have come from the belly of a fish. That single detail made the old Chinese legend of Lü Shang leap off the page. Three thousand years ago, the sage known as Taigong Wang fished for years with a bare thread until a carp rose from the river carrying a book of profound military strategy in its belly.
The parallel is hard to ignore. Both traditions speak of sacred strategic knowledge arriving from the water, sealed inside a fish, and later entrusted to rulers who would shape the destiny of nations. Whether the Amatsu Tatara transmission somehow inherited or echoed this far older current is something we can never prove. Yet the resemblance is striking enough to invite the thought that these two stories may, in some distant way, share a common root.
The Great Straight-Needle Incident
(or: How a Man Caught a Carp Full of Military Secrets)
呂尚 Lǚ Shàng more known as 太公望 Taikōbō in Japan. He lived around 1000 BC
Long ago there lived a man named Lü Shang1, later known as Taigong Wang. He was old, bearded, and thoroughly tired of ordinary life. So he moved to the state of Zhou2, sat down by the Wei River, and began fishing with a thread that had no hook at all.
Just a plain thread. Dangling. For three entire years.
The villagers walked past every day, scratched their heads, and whispered:
“He’s either a profound sage… or he’s completely lost his mind.”
Lü Shang ignored them and kept dangling the thread with the calm of a man who already knew the punchline.
Heaven watched. Heaven waited. Heaven eventually grew impatient and decided to speed things up.
One fine morning a large, slightly offended carp swam up, eyed the useless thread, and thought: “Fine. I see how this works. Bureaucratic destiny it is.”
The carp bit. Lü Shang pulled. And there, inside the fish’s belly, was a book — not a shopping list, not a love letter, but a detailed manual of military strategy containing the very essence of Qimen Dunjia3.
At almost the same moment, King Wen of Zhou woke up from a vivid dream in which a sage was sitting by the Wei River doing something extremely peculiar with a fishing line. He immediately sent messengers.
They found Lü Shang still sitting there, wiping fish scales off an ancient book of battlefield secrets.
“Would you consider becoming our military advisor?” the messengers asked politely.
Lü Shang looked at the book, looked at the river, and shrugged. “I suppose the fish has spoken.”
He joined the Zhou forces. Later, under King Wen’s son King Wu, he helped overthrow the tyrant King Zhou of Shang. The strategies that came out of that carp’s belly proved remarkably effective.
According to later tradition, the same art had first been mastered by the Yellow Emperor, then passed down through Huang Shigong and Zhang Liang, until it was finally perfected by the famous Zhuge Liang.
And that is how a man fishing with no hook, a mildly annoyed carp, and a book of directional military secrets changed the course of a dynasty — while the villagers continued to insist they had known he was special all along.
His personal name is written 呂尚, pronounced Lǚ Shàng in Chinese and Ro Shō in Japanese. In Japan he is far more widely known by the name 太公望 (Taikōbō). ︎
Here is a direct Google Maps link to the Zhouyuan area (周原), the early political center of the Zhou people in present-day Shaanxi, China: https://maps.google.com/?q=34.49,107.84 This points to the core region of the Zhouyuan archaeological site (near Qishan and Fufeng counties, Baoji). ︎
Qimen Dunjia (奇門遁甲) is one of the three classical Chinese divinatory systems known as the “Three Styles” (三式), together with Taiyi and Liuren. It is a complex method of cosmological calculation and strategic divination that combines time, space, direction, and human action. ︎
Title 道教の本 ― 不老不死をめざす仙道呪術の世界 (Dōkyō no Hon – Furōfushi o Mezasu Sendō Jujutsu no Sekai)
Series NEW SIGHT MOOK / Books Esoterica 4 (NSMブックス エソテリカ)
Publisher 学習研究社 (Gakken)
Publication date September 19, 1992 (some listings note 1993 reprints)
ISBN 978-4-05-600031-3 (ISBN-10: 405600031X)
Format A5 softcover mook, 223 pages Original price: ¥1,068 (tax included)
When I travel to Japan it seems like I race from class to class. Or, I
race from train to train through Tokyo to explore the historic sites of
Japan and our Bujinkan art. But here I stopped the race to enjoy
training with Nagase Sensei and think about tiny insects.
I slowed down for 考え事 kangaegoto with deep
thoughts about a class I had with Hatsumi Sensei. He demonstrated
evading an attack to the outside. Then Soke used his shoulders to
support the attack briefly before dropping them. This allowed him to
secretly take 子殺 ko goroshi. The opponent never saw it, but he yelped in
pain.
Tiny Insects
Hatsumi Sensei then shared a lesson about
あも一寸の玉 虫 amo issun no tama mushi. This is a a gokui found in 高木揚心流
Takagi Yoshin Ryū. It has to do with the relationship of the strong
and weak. The strong seek to control through strength. But Soke suggests
we control lightly so we don’t get “stung.”
あも一寸の玉 虫 painting by Hatsumi Sensei
The concept of even tiny insects having a
soul has an ura and omote. Back during the 鎌倉時代, Kamakura era;
1185–1333, 北条重時 Hōjō Shigetoki wrote 極楽寺殿御消息 Gokurakuji dono goshōsoku.
These are messages from Gokurakuji palace explaining the ethos of a
samurai. In it he advised, 一寸の虫にも五分の魂 Issun no mushi ni mo gobu no
tamashī. This means even small tiny insects have a soul.
Maybe this is why Hatsumi Sensei said that
amo issun no tama mushi is the kamae of the heart. This is both an
encouragement and a warning. If you are the weaker opponent, you may
find the spirit to fight on. But, the opposite is that the weak have a
spirit and will to survive. They may be underestimated to surprise the
strong with daring, unconventional tactics.
Training with Nagase Sensei
After my meditation on tiny insects, I
went to class with Nagase Sensei. When I arrived at the dojo, he greeted
me warmly and immediately invited me to his house for shuriken
training.
Nagase started class with a waza similar
to 霞雷 karai. During this, he focused on plus and minus, inside and
outside, heaven and earth. All of these were connected through the
person. As you may remember, I have described his ideas on 天地人 tenchijin during other visits to Japan.
He told us that all of his techniques are
connected in an infinity. He said that he’s been training for 46 years.
During this time he has collected many data points. He described those
points in the form of inputs to his body. He emphasized that it wasn’t
his mind that held this data, but his body.
I definitely experienced some of that
data. He gave me some training input in the form of pain that I won’t
forget. Sometimes doing ukemi in his class feels impossible. He applies
the technique in a very intense way. He only releases you to take ukemi
right at the break point.
Nagase Sensei is aware of this. And I have
to trust him to release me at the right moment. So I accept the pain
and add it to my own data collection.
Then as he progressed with the form, he
emphasized kamae like 左右の一文字 sayū no ichimonji where both hands act as
大小 daishō. And he spent a lot of time with 攻勢之構 kōsei no kamae. Each
kamae provides its own interpretation of the form.
The kōsei henka that he did finished like 雪耀 setsuyaku. The ukemi was impossible because he locked up both hands and lifted us to the heavens. We had to trust him to release us.
During this he also wrapped his 帯 obi
around a wrist. He compared the length of the ends of his obi to the
length of a tsuka on sword. This led into the progression from taijutsu,
to bōjutsu, to kenjutsu. You might lock up the opponent’s wrist with a
sageo or trap it with your tsuka.
Nagase Sensei finished class with some 半棒術
hanbōjutsu variations. He kept telling us to use 地 chi power. The hanbō
was touching the earth and he used that as a fulcrum point for leverage
on the wrist.
As usual I had a great time in his class. I
look forward to the shuriken training at his house. Please check
Rojodojo for the next Japan Reports.
武風 Bufū by Takamatsu Sensei in question is a classical Japanese martial manifesto written in kanbun (漢文) style—formal classical Chinese as traditionally composed and read in Japan. This elevated literary form was commonly used for official proclamations, school founding statements, and philosophical or martial writings that aimed to carry authority and permanence.
The Bufū document is a deliberate adaptation of the famous Kōdōkan-ki(弘道館記), composed in 1838. The original was written under the name of Tokugawa Nariaki, the ninth lord of the Mito domain, though the actual drafting was largely the work of the prominent Mito scholar Fujita Tōko. The Kōdōkan-ki served as the founding manifesto of the Kōdōkan, the large domain school established in Mito. It defines “the Way” (道) as the natural order of Heaven and Earth that people must never abandon, explains why a school was needed to promote it, and calls upon the domain’s people to uphold loyalty, learning, and proper conduct. The text is one of the most influential expressions of late-Edo Mito learning and the sonnō jōi ideology.
Takamatsu Toshitsugu took this highly respected classical text and systematically rewrote it. He preserved the overall structure, rhetorical patterns, and much of the formal language, but replaced the central concept of “promoting the Way” (弘道) with the martial way and the martial wind (武道 / 武風). Political and Confucian references were transformed into statements about the eternal martial spirit. Tokugawa Ieyasu as the restorer of order became “our martial ancestors,” and the purpose of the domain school became the duty to transmit and uphold true Budō. The result is a martial manifesto clothed in the authoritative language and form of a celebrated late-Edo document.
This kind of rewriting, sometimes called tenka, was a recognised way of giving new ideas historical weight and legitimacy by linking them to respected classical models. By adapting the Kōdōkan-ki, Takamatsu elevated the concept of Bufū—the martial wind or continuous martial spirit—into something that carried the dignity of traditional scholarship while remaining firmly rooted in the warrior tradition.
The colophon at the end makes the personal intention clear. It states that the text was carefully written (or copied) by Takamatsu, the 33rd-generation head of Togakure-ryū, specifically for Hatsumi Masaaki, who would become the 34th generation. This indicates that the document was not a general essay but a formal transmission piece, presented from teacher to successor as part of the living inheritance of the martial way.
In this form, the text functions both as a philosophical statement on the nature of true Budō and as a personal charge from Takamatsu to Hatsumi: to preserve, clarify, and continuously embody the martial wind across generations.
武風 Bufū by Takamatsu Sensei
What is a person of the martial way? It is one who can expand and promote the Correct Way. What is the Correct Way? It is the natural order of Heaven and Earth, from which people receive life, and from which they must never turn away or separate, even for a moment.
What, then, is the “martial” in the martial way? It is that which is taught and transmitted.
Respectfully reflecting: In high antiquity the sacred deities established the ultimate principle and handed down the succession. Heaven and Earth took their proper places, and through their compassionate love all things were nurtured. They cultivated in human beings the feeling of flowers and the upright nature of bamboo, thereby nourishing the spirit. By this they illuminated the six directions and governed the entire realm. Never has this been accomplished by any means other than this Way.
By it the Imperial Throne is made everlasting, by it the national essence is made dignified, by it the people are made peaceful and secure.
The martial wind (Bufū), possessing the feeling of flowers and the nature of bamboo, causes all to submit. Yet even the sacred descendants of the gods were never content to rest in self-satisfaction; they gladly learned from others so that the fragrance of the flower would remain unchanged.
Their benevolent and virtuous character was like that of the ancient sage-emperors of Tang and Yu and the Three Dynasties. Drawing upon this, they assisted the Imperial designs. Thus the Way became ever clearer, and no longer was there ceaseless contention and defeat in battle.
However, after the defeat in war, the heretical doctrines of “freedom” and “equality” deceived the people and confused the world. Foreign winds and distorted learning entered from all sides. The Imperial civilizing influence declined, calamities and disorders followed one upon another, and the great Way of the martial wind became unclear in the world. This has already been long the case.
Our martial ancestors restored order from chaos, revered the Heavenly position, expelled the barbarian winds, and truly united the martial wind with the literary heart, thereby laying the foundation of great peace. Our ancestral teacher, from the day he received investiture in the eastern land, caused all the people of Yamato to admire the beautiful customs, revere the Way of the Gods, and cultivate martial preparedness. The national prestige shone proudly across the seas. For more than two thousand six hundred years the successive generations have inherited the thread of the Way and bathed in its blessings, down to the present day.
Therefore, if one is truly a subject and child of the nation, how can one fail to consider how to promote and expand the martial wind and make manifest the virtue of the ancestors? This is precisely the reason the nation itself exists.
Moreover, the enshrinement of Amaterasu Ōmikami, Marishiten, and Hachiman Daibosatsu is so that the vast sincerity of Heaven’s merit may shine clearly like the sun, and so that their awe-inspiring spiritual power may remain here. In spirit we desire to trace back to the origin and repay the root, so that the people may know from whence the martial wind comes.
The building of Confucian temples is so that the Way of the Tang, Yu and Three Dynasties may be harmonized here. We revere their virtue and draw upon their teaching, so that people may understand that the reason the martial wind grows ever greater and clearer is no accident.
Alas! Let the gentlemen and people throughout our country, day and night without negligence, enter and leave the martial training halls. Uphold the legacy of the Divine Land together with the teachings of the Western scholars. Make loyalty and filial piety one. Keep the literary and the martial undivided. Let learning and practical affairs not diverge. Let the result be reverence for the gods and esteem for Confucianism, free from partiality or faction. Let all with one mind exert their collective strength, so as to repay the boundless grace of the nation.
Is this merely the will of the ancestral teachers alone? We look up and hope that the spirit of the Divine Emperor in Heaven will also look down and bear witness.
The teaching of the ancient martial way is pure and governing.
Written with care by Takamatsu Toshitsugu 33rd Generation Sōke of Togakure-ryū For the 34th Generation Hatsumi Masaaki (with seal)
武道者何人能弘正道也 Directly modelled on the opening of the 1838 Kōdōkan-ki(“弘道者何。人能弘道也”). The substitution of 武道 / 正道 for 弘道 is the central rewriting of the entire piece.
天地之自然而生民不可順災離者也 Adaptation of the classical phrase “天地之大經而生民不可須臾離者也”. “順災” is an unusual wording (possibly a calligraphic or stylistic variant) for the idea of going against or abandoning the natural order.
花情竹性 A refined classical metaphor. “花情” suggests sensitivity and aesthetic feeling; “竹性” suggests uprightness, resilience, and purity. Together they describe the ideal cultivated character.
照臨六合統御宇內 Standard elevated kanbun diction for imperial or divine rule. “六合” = the six directions (heaven, earth, and the four cardinal points); “宇內” = all under heaven.
寶祚以之無窮國體以之尊嚴蒼生以之安寧 Parallel construction typical of formal Sino-Japanese prose. “寶祚” (imperial throne), “國體” (national essence/polity), and “蒼生” (the common people) form a classic triad.
唐虞三代 Tang (Yao) and Yu (Shun) are the legendary sage-emperors; the Three Dynasties are Xia, Shang, and Zhou. A standard Confucian reference to the golden age of ideal government.
自由平等之異端邪說 Strongly charged language. “異端邪說” is a classical term for heterodox or pernicious doctrines. Here it is applied to post-war democratic ideas (“freedom and equality”).
撥亂反正 A classical four-character phrase meaning “to quell disorder and restore correctness.” Originally used of sage-kings or great restorers; here applied to “our martial ancestors.”
天照大神・摩利支天・八幡大菩薩 A deliberate combination of the imperial sun goddess (Amaterasu), the Buddhist warrior deity Marishiten (especially revered by bushi), and Hachiman (god of war). Reflects the syncretic religious world of traditional Japanese martial culture.
文武不岐 Classical ideal of the unity of civil and military virtues (bunbu). The phrase insists that scholarship and martial practice must not be separated — a key theme in both the original Kōdōkan-ki and this martial rewriting.
Kodokanki by Tokugawa Nariaki written in 1838 and monument erected in 1840.
What is “promoting the Way”? It is that a person is able to expand and promote the Way. What is the Way? It is the great constant principle of Heaven and Earth, from which the people are born and which they must never leave even for a moment.
Why was the Hall for Promoting the Way established?
Respectfully reflecting: In high antiquity the sacred and divine established the ultimate principle and handed down the succession. Heaven and Earth took their proper places, and all things were nurtured. That by which they illuminated the six directions and governed all within the universe has never been accomplished by any means other than this Way.
By it the Imperial Throne is made everlasting, by it the national essence is made dignified, by it the common people are made peaceful and secure, and by it the barbarians of the four directions are made to submit.
Yet even the sacred sons and divine grandsons were never content to rest in self-satisfaction; they gladly learned from others in order to cultivate goodness. Just as they drew upon the governing and teaching of the sage-emperors of Tang and Yu and the Three Dynasties of the Western land to assist the Imperial designs, so this Way became ever greater and ever clearer, with nothing further to be added.
From the middle ages onward, however, heretical and pernicious doctrines deceived the people and confused the world. Vulgar Confucians and distorted learning abandoned this and followed that. The Imperial civilizing influence declined, calamities and disorders followed one upon another, and the great Way became unclear in the world. This has already been long the case.
Our Eastern Illuminating Prince (Tokugawa Ieyasu) quelled disorder and restored correctness, revered the Sovereign, expelled the barbarians, and truly united the martial and the civil, thereby laying the foundation of great peace. Our ancestor, Lord Mitsukuni, actually received investiture in the eastern land. From early on he admired the character of Yamato Takeru, revered the Way of the Gods, and cultivated martial preparedness. Lord Tsuna continued this work; inspired by the example of Bo Yi and Shu Qi, he further exalted Confucian teaching, clarified human relationships, and rectified names, thereby serving as a protective barrier for the nation.
For more than a hundred years since then, successive generations have inherited this legacy and bathed in its blessings, down to the present day. Therefore, if one is truly a subject and child of the nation, how can one fail to consider how to promote and expand this Way and make manifest the virtue of the ancestors? This is precisely the reason the Hall has been established.
Moreover, why is Take-mika-zuchi-no-kami enshrined? Because he manifested Heaven’s merit in the age of chaos and left his awe-inspiring spiritual power in this land. We desire to trace back to the origin and repay the root, so that the people may know from whence this Way comes.
Why is a Confucian temple maintained? So that the Way of Tang, Yu and the Three Dynasties may be harmonized here. We revere their virtue and draw upon their teaching, so that people may understand that the reason this Way grows ever greater and clearer is no accident.
Alas! Let the gentlemen and people throughout our country, day and night without negligence, enter and leave this Hall. Uphold the Way of the Divine Land and draw upon the teachings of the Western land. Make loyalty and filial piety one. Keep the literary and the martial undivided. Let learning and practical affairs not diverge in their results. Revere the gods and esteem Confucianism without partiality or faction. Gather the thoughts of the many and exert collective strength, so as to repay the boundless grace of the nation. Then not only will the will of the ancestral lords not fall to the ground, but the spirit of the Divine Emperor in Heaven will also look down and bear witness.
Who is it that has established this Hall in order to unify its governance and teaching? It is the Provisional Middle Counsellor, Junior Third Rank, Minamoto no Ason Nariaki.
Composed, written, and the seal-script title brushed by Nariaki in the third month of spring, the ninth year of Tenpō, the year of the Dog (1838).
Ryūgi-mei, or style names in classical Japanese martial arts, often originated from claims of divine or mythical transmission. Early schools frequently attributed their founding to gods, Buddhas, tengu, or dreams in order to establish authority, reflecting the limited scientific thinking of the period. Others traced their lineage to mythological deities or historical figures such as Shōtoku Taishi or Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Some schools added their own insights and prefixed the character 新 (Shin, “new”), while others used place names, founder’s names, combined styles, or partial titles of famous schools. Style names could also express enlightenment, be bestowed by priests, or reflect the spirit of the age. Together with kata and transmission ranks, these Ryūgi-mei embody the founder’s philosophy and form a core part of Japan’s traditional martial culture.
Ryūgi-mei by Watanabe
A scene from a martial arts demonstration at Itsukushima Shrine (Wikipedia).
One of the distinctive characteristics of Japanese budō and bujutsu is that each school or style has been given its own unique “ryūgi-mei” (style name). In addition, each style has developed its own unique system of transmission ranks (teaching curriculum) along with the corresponding “den’i meishō” (transmission rank titles). Consequently, the rise and decline of Japanese budō and bujutsu throughout history can also be understood from the increase and decrease in the number of these style names.
During the Edo period, even when limited only to kenjutsu schools (including comprehensive martial arts schools and iaijutsu schools), the number is said to have reached three hundred or even five hundred styles. Today, however, that number has drastically declined, and only a small number of styles still exist. From this fact alone, it can be said that Japanese budō and bujutsu flourished during the Edo period but have declined in the present day. In this paper, I will examine the motives or justifications that earlier generations used when naming their styles, and further discuss the present state of traditional martial arts schools.
In Shinkage-ryū Dōgyō: Sixty Years Memoir, Watanabe outlines the most common motives for the naming of martial arts styles (Ryūgi-mei).
Ryūgi-mei style names can be classified as follows
Styles that claim to have received the deepest secrets through prayer to gods or Buddhas.
Styles that claim to have been founded after receiving transmission from tengu or other mythical beings.
Styles that claim a deity from the mythological age as their founder.
Styles that claim a historical figure as their founder, asserting that they transmit ancient secrets from that person.
Styles that added their own innovations or realizations to an existing style and prefixed the new name with the character “Shin” (New).
Styles named for the purpose of distinguishing themselves from other branches of the same school.
Styles that claimed orthodoxy of a traditional school, added their own realizations, and then changed the style name.
Styles that claimed orthodoxy of a traditional school and added characters expressing that claim to the style name.
Styles that claim to have recovered the sōke (headmastership) previously transferred to another family and restored the original style name.
Styles named after the place where the style originated.
Styles that prefixed a place name to the style name.
Styles that combined several existing styles and gave the result a new name.
Styles that indicated they were derived from an existing style.
Styles named after a famous individual or family name.
Styles that used an alternative name regardless of whether they were derived from another style.
Styles whose name expressed the spiritual realization or level of attainment of the founder.
Styles whose name was bestowed by a Buddhist priest or similar figure.
Styles named after the personal name or art-name (gō) of the founder.
Styles that used homophonous but differently written characters of a famous style’s name.
Styles that prefixed part of the name of a famous style.
Styles that used terms reflecting the trends or spirit of the times.
Styles named after a training hall or organizational body.
Styles that adopted a common or popular name as their official style name.
Styles that abandoned their original name and adopted the name of a famous style.
Styles that arbitrarily used the name of a style that had already become extinct.
Styles that arbitrarily used the name of a completely different existing martial art style.
Other.
The Ryūgi-mei above was from Shinkage-ryū Dōgyō: Sixty Years Memoir by Watanabe.
新陰流兵法 Shinkage-ryū Hyōhō
This lineage belongs to the Owari Yagyū branch of Shinkage-ryū. While the better-known Edo Yagyū line served the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo, the Owari line was established by Yagyū Hyōgo-no-suke Toshitoshi and became the official sword tradition of the Owari Tokugawa domain in Nagoya.
The transmission remained closely linked to the Owari Tokugawa family for generations. In the early 20th century, the last Yagyū heads of this branch—Yagyū Toshichika (19th) and Yagyū Toshinaga (20th)—passed the complete teachings to their senior student Watanabe Tadatoshi (21st). He in turn transmitted everything to his son Watanabe Tadanari (22nd), who founded the Shinkage-ryū Hyōhō Marobashi-kai in 1969. The lineage is now headed by the 23rd generation, Watanabe Tadahisa.
This branch is characterized by its commitment to preserving the full classical curriculum, including Shinkage-ryū kenjutsu, Seigō-ryū Battōjutsu, and related jōjutsu. Central to its teaching is the principle of marobashi (adaptive, continuous movement). Unlike many modern groups, it remains a relatively closed classical transmission focused on historical accuracy and the correct use of the style name “Shinkage-ryū.”
傳系 Denkei
Generation
Title
Real Name
Active Period
Founder
上泉武蔵守 (Kamiizumi Musashi-no-kami)
藤原 秀綱 (Fujiwara Hidetuna)
c. 1508 – 1577
2nd
柳生但馬守 (Yagyū Tajima-no-kami)
平 宗厳 (Taira Munetoshi)
1527 – 1606
3rd
柳生兵庫助 (Yagyū Hyōgo-no-suke)
平 利厳 (Taira Toshitoshi)
1579 – 1650
4th
尾張権大納言 (Owari Gon-dainagon)
徳川 義直 (Tokugawa Yoshinao)
1601 – 1650
5th
柳生兵助 (Yagyū Hyōsuke)
平 厳包 (Taira Toshikane)
mid-17th century
6th
尾張権大納言 (Owari Gon-dainagon)
徳川 光友 (Tokugawa Mitsutomo)
1625 – 1700
7th
尾張権中納言 (Owari Gon-chūnagon)
徳川 綱誠 (Tokugawa Tsunanari)
1652 – 1699
8th
柳生兵庫 (Yagyū Hyōgo)
平 厳延 (Taira Toshinobu)
late 17th – early 18th c.
9th
尾張中納言 (Owari Chūnagon)
徳川 吉通 (Tokugawa Yoshimichi)
1689 – 1713
10th
柳生六郎兵衛 (Yagyū Rokurōbei)
平 厳儔 (Taira Toshitomo)
early–mid 18th century
11th
柳生兵助 (Yagyū Hyōsuke)
平 厳春 (Taira Toshiharu)
mid-18th century
12th
尾張宰相中将 (Owari Saishō Chūjō)
徳川 治行 (Tokugawa Haruyuki)
mid–late 18th century
13th
柳生又右衛門 (Yagyū Mataemon)
平 厳之 (Taira Toshiyuki)
late 18th century
14th
柳生兵助 (Yagyū Hyōsuke)
平 厳久 (Taira Toshihisa)
late 18th – early 19th c.
15th
尾張権大納言 (Owari Gon-dainagon)
徳川 斉朝 (Tokugawa Naritomo)
1793 – 1850
16th
柳生新六 (Yagyū Shinroku)
平 厳政 (Taira Toshimasa)
early–mid 19th century
17th
柳生忠次郎 (Yagyū Chūjirō)
平 厳蕃 (Taira Toshishige)
mid-19th century
18th
尾張中納言 (Owari Chūnagon)
徳川 慶恕 (Tokugawa Yoshikumi)
mid-19th century
19th
柳生三五郎 (Yagyū Sangorō)
平 厳周 (Taira Toshichika)
late 19th – early 20th c.
20th
柳生兵庫 (Yagyū Hyōgo)
平 厳長 (Taira Toshinaga)
early–mid 20th century
21st
渡辺遠山 (Watanabe Tōzan)
源 忠敏 (Minamoto Tadatoshi)
c. 1905 – 1980s
22nd
渡辺転心 (Watanabe Tenshin)
源 忠成 (Minamoto Tadanari)
1941 – present (active)
23rd
渡辺転政 (Watanabe Tensei)
源 忠久 (Minamoto Tadahisa)
late 20th c. – present
Shinkage-ryū Books
渡辺忠成 (Watanabe Tadanari) 22nd Generation Head of Shinkage-ryū Hyōhō (Also known by the art-name Tenshin 転心)
Watanabe Tadanari was born in Tokyo in 1941. He began training in Shinkage-ryū at the age of seven under his father, Watanabe Tadatoshi (21st generation), who had received the full transmission from the last two heads of the Owari Yagyū line, Yagyū Toshichika and Yagyū Toshinaga.
In January 1969, at the age of 28, he founded the Shinkage-ryū Hyōhō Marobashi-kai (新陰流兵法転会) with the purpose of correctly preserving and transmitting the classical teachings of the school. In 1972 he formally succeeded as the 22nd generation head of Shinkage-ryū Hyōhō. He also holds the positions of 14th generation of Seigō-ryū Battōjutsu and 9th generation of Shinkage-ryū Jōjutsu.
Throughout his career he has emphasized the importance of historical accuracy, particularly regarding the proper use of the style name “Shinkage-ryū” rather than the more popular but, in his view, incorrect designation “Yagyū Shinkage-ryū.” He is the author of several works on the school, including Shinkage-ryū Nyūmon and the autobiographical Shinkage-ryū Dōgyō: Sixty Years Memoir (新陰流道業六十年回顧録), in which he reflects on more than six decades of training and teaching.
He has taught extensively in Japan and has established groups in the United States, Russia, and Poland.
The Dojo is still active today in several locations in Tokyo and Japan, here is more information.
I came across an interesting webpage featuring two photographs from an old scroll titled Takagi-ryū Toribō (Takagi-ryū Cane/Staff Techniques) from 1816.
The author is somewhat skeptical about the historical claims surrounding Kukishin-ryū and Takagi-ryū, but I’m not here to debate that. I simply found the content fascinating and thought it might be of interest to fellow Bujinkan practitioners.
I was surprised to learn that Takagi-ryū includes dedicated cane (jō/toribō) techniques. The scroll itself is quite unique, especially the description of the unusual staff with eye-shaped holes and an inserted tantō.
Note: I only translated parts of the website and the makimono to the best of my knowledge, so the translation may contain some errors or inaccuracies.
If any of you have access to the complete makimono or more information about these techniques, I’d love to see it!
Below is the translated text from the website.
The moon points and knocks at the gate — tiles slip and lose their alignment.
Silent and formless, without outward manifestation, those who try to explain it are like darkness.
A faint lamp in the night — all is emptiness.
Reaching that point, how subtle it is! How dynamic it is!
It cannot be fully revealed. In short, I have conveyed its true essence.
高木流捕棒序 Takagi-ryū Toribō
Now, there exists a certain transmission scroll. Its title is Takagi-ryū Toribō (Takagi-ryū Cane/Staff Techniques), published in the 13th year of the Bunka era (1816). The lineage of successors recorded at the end of the scroll is as follows:
Preface to Takagi-ryū Toribō (Cane / Staff Techniques)
There is no one who would say that the wondrous techniques of Takagi-ryū are not profound. Nevertheless, because of this, people seek new interpretations. Therefore, I now record the great outline of our school’s cane techniques. Truly: The moon points and knocks at the gate — tiles slip and lose their alignment. Silent and formless, without outward manifestation, those who try to explain it are like darkness. A faint lamp in the night — all is emptiness. Reaching that point, how subtle it is! How dynamic it is! It cannot be fully revealed. In short, I have conveyed its true essence.
Jinchū Kyūsho ranks among the most frequently documented Kyūsho points in classical Japanese martial arts. People know it as 人中 Jinchū (“Center of the Human”). It appears across numerous Koryū traditions as a precise target in the facial region. Study of this point forms part of the larger system of 当身 Atemi (“Striking the Body”) and 殺活 Satsukatsu (“Killing and Reviving”) methods. Old transmission documents preserve these methods.
This essay is mostly gathered from the book 当身殺活術の極意 Atemi Satsukatsujutsu no Gokui written by 小佐野 Jun Osano, supplemented with my own experience of Bujinkan training and its nine schools/ryuha. In Bujinkan we often refer to the Kyūsho points from Kotō-ryū.
What Is Jinchū Kyūsho and Where Is It Located?
人中 (Jinchū/philtrum) is a 鬼穴 Ki-ana (Ghost Point) dangerous or “supernatural” vital point that are considered extremely effective or lethal.
Jinchū Kyūsho refers to the philtrum. This vertical groove sits between the base of the nose and the upper lip. Chinese medical texts that reached Japan recorded the corresponding point as 水溝 Suikō (“Water Ditch”). Traditional Chinese Medicine calls it Rénzhōng (GV26). Japanese martial artists adopted the point and renamed it within their own vital-point systems.
Its location makes Jinchū accessible during close-range engagements. These engagements typify Jūjutsu. As a result, practitioners incorporated Jinchū into sequences that combine striking with throws and joint locks. Its position runs along the central facial line. Therefore, it became a practical target in many forms.
Historical Roots of Jinchū Kyūsho in Japanese Martial Traditions
Japanese martial schools received knowledge of Jinchū Kyūsho through Chinese medical theory. This transmission occurred during the early Edo period (1603–1868). Texts such as the 和漢三才図会 Wakan Sansai Zue supplied anatomical maps. Various acupuncture manuals also provided these maps. Koryū masters adapted the maps.
Masters reorganised these points into Japanese systems over generations. They did not treat Jinchū as an independent striking technique. Instead, they integrated it as an auxiliary method. This method disrupts posture or creates openings for Nage (Throwing) and Katame (Grappling). In addition, the approach aligns with the historical emphasis on 神武不殺 Shinbu Fussatsu (“The highest martial skill does not kill”). Many transmission scrolls contain this phrase. Consequently, Jinchū remained part of a controlled and ethical framework.
In the technique 神剪 Shinsen from Koto-ryū Ōkuden Kata the Jinchū point is hit with Kikaku-ken.
Jinchū Kyūsho Across Major Koryū Schools
Jinchū Kyūsho appears in the teachings of several established schools. In 楊心流 Yōshin-ryū lineages, including 天神真楊流 Tenjin Shinyō-ryū, it appears in lists of head points. Masters transmitted these lists through secret scrolls and oral instruction. 関口流 Sekiguchi-ryū records Jinchū under the local term すりかけ Surikake. The school includes related facial techniques among its 内術十二 Nai-jutsu Jūni (“Twelve Internal Techniques”) methods.
柴真楊流 Shiba Shinyō-ryū places Jinchū within its classification of thirteen head acute points. 神道六合流 Shintō Rokugō-ryū lists it among points that produce immediate effects. 柳生心眼流兵術 Yagyū Shingan-ryū Heijutsu incorporates similar facial targets within its continuous atemi sequences. These references show consistent recognition of Jinchū across diverse traditions. Moreover, they reveal variation in naming and emphasis. For example, some schools used local names while others retained the standard term.
Jinchū Kyūsho and the Art of Revival (Kappō)
Classical sources pair knowledge of striking points with revival methods. These methods are known as 活法 Kappō (“Resuscitation techniques”). Jinchū receives particular attention. Stimulation of the facial nerve in this area can reduce the immediate effectiveness of standard revival techniques.
Transmission documents therefore stress the need for layered revival protocols. This need arises when the point is involved. The requirement for precise revival knowledge alongside striking methods appears repeatedly in Yōshin-ryū and Tenjin Shinyō-ryū materials. These references reflect the integrated nature of Satsukatsu training. As a result, students had to master both striking and revival together.
In the technique 跋扈 Bakko from Koto-ryū Hekiten Kata the Jinchū point is hit with a Boshi-ken.
Jinchū Kyūsho in the Context of Kyūsho Training
Jinchū Kyūsho represents one element within the broader study of 急所 Kyūsho (“Vital points”). Traditional training did not isolate individual points for separate practice. Students instead learned point locations, effects, and timing. They learned these elements as part of complete Kata sequences. These sequences combined Atemi with throwing and controlling techniques.
The book records that practitioners most often applied Jinchū as 先当て Saki-ate (“Preemptive strike”). They used it to break an opponent’s structure. They also applied it as 後当て Ato-ate (“Finishing strike”) after a throw. The goal was to prevent counterattack. Exact methods of application and the accompanying oral instructions varied between schools. Licensed practitioners alone received these instructions. In particular, the timing of the strike depended on the specific kata.
Integration of Jinchū Kyūsho in Koryū Technique
In the technique 蔽飛 Hetsubi/Henpi from Koto-ryū Chūden Kata the Jinchū point is hit with the left five fingers after unbalancing him.
In practice, Jinchū supported the primary goals of Jūjutsu. It did not replace them. Strong stimulation here could affect facial nerves and coordination. This effect created a momentary opening for more decisive techniques. Historical records caution that the resulting effects made reliable revival more difficult. This difficulty explains why such points stayed within advanced levels of transmission.
The detailed classifications found in Shiba Shinyō-ryū illustrate how seriously masters treated these methods. The warnings preserved in later 史料編 Shiryō-hen documents also show this seriousness. Study of Kyūsho, including Jinchū, formed part of a larger technical and ethical framework. It did not function as an independent striking curriculum. Furthermore, this integrated approach helped preserve the original intent of the art.
Conclusion
Jinchū Kyūsho appears consistently across multiple Koryū schools. This pattern shows how Japanese martial artists systematically adapted external medical knowledge. They turned it into functional combative systems. Its role remained auxiliary. It supported throws and joint locks while demanding careful attention to revival methods.
Modern examination of these traditions reveals both the sophistication and the limitations of the original teachings. Researchers continue to find interest in Jinchū. It exemplifies the integrated approach to atemi and kappō. This approach defined much of classical Jūjutsu. Serious study of Kyūsho as a complete subject offers the clearest path to understanding this aspect of Japanese martial heritage. Researchers gain clearer insight when they avoid isolating individual points. In addition, this broader perspective helps preserve the original technical and ethical balance of the traditions.
Historical Source: From Tenjin Shinyō-ryū to Jūdō, and then to Karate
The Atemi shikatsu methods transmitted by Tenjin Shinyō-ryū Jūjutsu, which enjoyed great prosperity in the late Edo period, have almost completely died out except for seikotsu techniques. Kōdōkan Jūdō, which eliminated Atemi from its technical system, continued practical instruction while theory alone continued independently. Meanwhile, Karate, transmitted from Okinawa to the mainland during the Taishō era, also carried over only solo forms from China to Okinawa and then to the mainland; the essential Atemi theory was supplemented from Kōdōkan Jūdō when kumite was created.
However, from the mid-Shōwa period onward, as competitive Karate spread mainly in universities, attack targets were standardized into jōdan, chūdan, and gedan, expanding from points to areas, rendering knowledge of vital points unnecessary. Vital point knowledge, which is important for self-defense, also became superfluous due to sportification (use of protective gear and controlled contact).
Here, explanations of vital points in Meiji-era Jūdō and in Karate up to the early Shōwa period, which still retained elements of self-defense, are introduced as material for considering the differences between the two.
While Jūdō’s Atemi explanations follow those of classical Jūjutsu, in Karate it is stated that “the opponent is brought to death,” and the free control of killing and reviving has been lost. Of course, there is no explanation of kappō.
In other words, rather than a self-defense art that does not injure the opponent, it has become a killing art that kills the opponent — the result of a complete failure to understand the principles of martial arts.
〇天道 Tentō (Heavenly Path) The area of the frontal bone. Tentō is the top of the head. Tendō is the place on the head where the pulse is struck, commonly called “odori-ko” in children. Striking Tendō strongly causes the three major bones of the head to open and leads to death. There is no revival method. If one faints from striking Tendō, revive with breathing techniques or the inducing revival (Yū no Kappō). It is a vital point that reaches the heart.
〇烏兔 Uto (Crow and Rabbit) The center of the face, between both eyes above the nose. When struck, it causes dizziness and fainting. Striking even one sun away from this point is a vital point that can cause nosebleeds.
〇人中 Jinchū (Human Center / Philtrum) The exact center between the nose and upper lip. Extremely important. When struck strongly, it is difficult to revive even with breathing techniques or revival methods. It affects the facial artery, nerves, bones of the upper jaw, trigeminal nerve, respiratory obstruction, etc. It is a major killing point. Must be handled with extreme caution.
〇カツコン Katsukon The place between the chin and lower lip. This strike is the same as Jinchū. Even if revival methods are applied, they are ineffective. The causes are the same as above.
〇霞 Kasumi (Mist) The temple bones, commonly called “komekami.” Striking here causes severe brain reaction and disturbance of various nerves, leading to fainting.
〇両毛 Ryōmō (Both Hairs) Used frequently in forms together with Kasumi. It is at both corners of the eyes, one sun below Kasumi. Striking here causes fainting in the same way as above.
〇独古 Dokko (Solitary Ancient) The place behind both ears. It is frequently used in forms. It is the area behind the ear. Striking here strongly affects the origin of the ear muscles and the area behind the ear, pressing blood vessels and nerves.
〇秘中 Hichū (Secret Center) This Hichū is the first major killing point used in forms, randori, and pinning techniques. The center of the throat, above the sternum. It drives the windpipe, damages the respiratory organs, and affects the lungs, leading to fainting.
〇松風村雨 Matsukaze Murusame (Pine Wind and Village Rain) Matsukaze (some schools call it Fūgetsu) and Murusame are the left and right sides of the shoulder blade and tongue muscle area (see diagram). The right is Matsukaze, the left is Murusame. These are major killing points.
〇膻中 Danchū (Danzhong) Commonly called “mizuochi.” This strike is at the center of the sternum in the chest. When struck, it causes nerve shock, sudden change in blood circulation, and cessation of breathing, leading to fainting. However, it can be revived with inducing revival, heart revival, back revival, or collar revival.
〇雁下 Kari-shita (Below the Goose) Kari-shita is striking one sun below both nipples in all four directions. The causes of fainting and revival methods are the same as above.
〇稲妻 Inazuma (Lightning) Inazuma refers to the left and right sides of the floating ribs. Commonly called the third rib. The causes of fainting and revival methods are the same as for the abdomen.
〇水月 Suigetsu (Water Moon) Suigetsu is striking directly below the heart at the lower end of the stomach organ. It stimulates the divine pulse and causes fainting due to three causes: brain reaction, nerve shock, and pulse obstruction. Revival is done with artificial respiration. If that does not work, use back revival or inducing revival.
〇明星 Myōjō (Bright Star) Myōjō is kicking or striking one sun and four directions below the navel. It violently affects the large intestine, small intestine, and bladder, causing cessation of breathing. Revival is done with collar revival, scrotum revival, back revival, or artificial respiration.
〇陰囊 In-nō (Scrotum) Striking the scrotum (commonly called testicles) by kicking or thrusting damages the bladder, rectum, testicles, sympathetic nerves, spermatic artery, etc., causing cessation of breathing. Apply scrotum revival. The testicles may enter the abdomen. Must be handled with great care.
〇向骨 Kōkotsu (Facing Bone) Striking Kōkotsu only causes pain throughout the body and does not cause death. If fainting occurs, revive with inducing revival.
〇草靡 Kusanabi (Grass Bending) Kusanabi is striking the place commonly called “tsuchi-fumazu” and the calf as shown in the diagram. The whole body feels pain and one falls.
〇内外踝 Nai-ge-kyō (Inner and Outer Ankle) The ankle is the same as Kōkotsu. Pain reaches the brain but does not cause death. If fainting occurs, apply inducing revival.
〇早打 Hayachi (Early Strike) Hayachi is the place where acupuncturists needle when the shoulders are severely stiff. Striking here sometimes leads to death. In such cases, rub the chest and apply inducing revival or collar revival. Striking here damages the brain, lungs, and ribs, causing cessation of breathing. Must not be needled carelessly. Very important.
〇活 Katsu (Revival) This revival point is slightly to the left in men and to the right in women between the first and sixth or seventh vertebrae of the spine. This revival method is the most frequently used among the thirteen total revival methods.
〇電光 Denkō (Lightning) Denkō: (1) Striking the third thoracic vertebra affects the lungs. (2) Striking the fifth thoracic vertebra affects the heart. (3) Striking the sixth thoracic vertebra causes fainting due to violent shock to the spinal cord center.
〇後稲妻 Go-inazuma (Rear Lightning) Go-inazuma is the place shown in the diagram. Striking here causes pain throughout the body and one falls. Apply yin-yang revival to this place. Details are explained in the revival section.
〇下閨 Gekei (Lower Gate) Gekei is the anus. Explanation regarding this is most essential for jujutsu practitioners and is explained in detail in the revival section of the volume.
〇尺澤 Shaku-taku Shaku-taku is frequently used in forms. It is between the brachioradialis and extensor digitorum muscles. Striking here stimulates the nerves and causes fainting due to unbearable pain. It affects the radial nerve, ulnar nerve, and fascia.
空手の急所解説 Karate Vital Point Explanations
(from ‘Karate Nyūmon’ by Ishiguro Keishichi, Shōwa 43)
〇天道 Tentō (Heavenly Path) The top of the head. Striking here with a forefist, fist, hand blade, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇天倒 Tentō (Heavenly Fall) Commonly also called “odoriko.” Slightly forward from the top of the head. Striking here with a forefist, backfist, hand blade, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇霞 Kasumi (Mist) The temples on both sides. Striking here with a one-finger fist, backfist, hand blade, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇耳 Mimi (Ear) Same effect as Kasumi when attacked in the same way.
〇鳥兔 Uto (Crow and Rabbit) The glabella, the center between the eyes. Striking here with a forefist, backfist, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇晴雲 Seiu (Clear Cloud) Above and below both eyes. Attack here with spear hand, one-finger fist, or half-fist.
〇眼星 Gansei (Eye Star) The center of the eyeball. Attack here with spear hand, one-finger fist, or backfist.
〇人中 Jinchū (Human Center / Philtrum) The groove between the nose and mouth. Attack here with forefist, backfist, one-finger fist, hand blade, etc.
〇下昆 Gekon (Lower Kon) The place between the mouth and lower jaw. Striking here with forefist, one-finger fist, hand blade, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇三日月 Mikazuki (Crescent Moon) The chin. Attack here with forefist, foot hammer, elbow strike, etc.
〇独古 Dokko (Solitary Ancient) Slightly behind the ear in the depression. Attack here with one-finger fist, fist, or hand blade.
〇頸中 Keichū (Neck Center) The hollow at the back of the neck (bon-no-kubo). Striking here with forefist, fist, or one-finger fist can kill the opponent.
〇松風 Matsukaze (Pine Wind) Also called Fūgetsu. The side of the head. Attack with clenched fist, fist, hand blade, elbow strike, etc., and it can kill the opponent.
〇村雨 Murusame (Village Rain) The front side of the neck. Attacking in the same way as Matsukaze can kill the opponent.
〇秘中 Hichū (Secret Center) Commonly called the Adam’s apple. Attack with clenched fist, elbow strike, knee blade, foot kick, etc.
〇膻中 Danchū (Danzhong) The upper end of the breastbone. Attack in the same way as Hichū.
〇胸尖 Kyōsen (Chest Tip) The lower end of the breastbone. Attack in the same way as Hichū.
〇水月 Suigetsu (Water Moon) The solar plexus. Striking here with forefist, spear hand, elbow strike, knee blade, foot kick, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇脇影 Waki-kage (Armpit Shadow) Between the fifth and sixth ribs in the armpit. Striking here with clenched fist, elbow strike, foot kick, etc., can kill the opponent.
〇雁中 Kanchū (Goose Center) Below both nipples. Attack in the same way as Waki-kage.
〇電光 Denkō (Lightning) Also called the flank. Between the seventh ribs on the front side of the upper abdomen. Striking here with forefist, fist, hand blade, or foot kick can kill the opponent.
〇稲妻 Inazuma (Lightning) The front side of the upper abdomen at the lower end of the eleventh and twelfth floating ribs. Attack in the same way as Denkō to kill the opponent.
〇明星 Myōjō (Bright Star) Commonly called the lower Tanden, one sun below the navel. Striking here with forefist or foot can kill the opponent.
〇早打 Hayachi (Early Strike) On the back between the third and fourth ribs, inside the shoulder blade. Attack here with forefist or elbow strike.
〇活殺 Katsusatsu (Killing and Reviving) Between the fifth and sixth vertebrae of the spine. Attack here in the same way as Hayachi to kill the opponent.
〇後電光 Go-denkō (Rear Lightning) The lowest end of the spine, the coccyx. Striking here with forefist or foot kick can kill the opponent.
〇腕馴 Udenare (Arm Training) The middle of the upper back side. Attack here with fist or hand blade.
〇时詰 Hijizume (Elbow Joint) Also called the elbow joint. The outer side of the elbow. Attack in the same way as Udenare.
〇腕関節 Ude-kansetsu (Elbow Joint) Twist or break the elbow joint, or attack with fist or hand blade.
〇小手 Kote (Forearm) The forearm. Scissor or snap it, or attack with fist, hand blade, or elbow strike.
〇内小捕 Uchi-kote (Inner Forearm Capture) Also called the pulse point. Attack here with forefist, one-finger fist, or fist.
〇外小捕 Soto-kote (Outer Forearm Capture) The opposite side of the pulse point. Attack in the same way as Uchi-kote.
〇手甲 Tekō (Back of the Hand) The back of the hand. Attack in the same way as Uchi-kote.
〇金的 Kinteki (Golden Target) Also called Tsurigane. The testicles. Striking here with forefist, knee blade, foot kick, or clenched fist can kill the opponent.
〇夜光 Yakō (Night Light) The front inner side of the upper thigh. Attack with forefist or foot kick.
〇伏兎 Fukuto (Crouching Rabbit) The front outer side of the lower thigh. Attack in the same way as Yakō.
〇膝関節 Shitsu-kansetsu (Knee Joint) Attack the knee joint with foot kick or stomp break.
〇向骨 Kōkotsu (Facing Bone) The front center of the shin bone. Attack with forefist or foot kick.
〇內踝 Nai-ka (Inner Ankle) Just below the inner ankle bone on the inner side of the tarsal bones. Attack here with hammer fist or hand blade.
〇甲利 Kōri (Top of the Foot) The top of the foot. Attack with stomping crush, etc.
〇草隠 Kusagakure (Grass Hidden) Slightly to the outer side from the top of the foot. Attack in the same way as Kōri.
〇尾胝 Bitai (Coccyx) The lowest end of the sacrum. Attack here with knee blade.
〇後稲妻 Go-inazuma (Rear Lightning) The upper center of the back side of the thigh. Attack with forefist or kick.
〇草靡 Kusanabi (Grass Bending) The center of the back side of the lower leg. Attack with foot kick, etc.
小佐野淳 Osano Jun
Born in Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi Prefecture. While a student, studied Chinese martial arts and classical Jūjutsu at the Chigasaki branch of the All-Japan Chinese Kenpō Federation. In 1982, founded the Kobudō Shidōsho Suigetsu Juku. While teaching at Suigetsu Juku, trained in bujutsu transmitted in various former domains. Served as certified instructor, council member, auditor, and public relations director of the International Budo-in. Received the Budō Kōrō-shō (Martial Arts Meritorious Service Award) from the International Budo-in in 1992. Founded the International Suigetsu Juku Bujutsu Association in 2002 and assumed the positions of president and supreme instructor. Honorary advisor to the Jinmō Kenpō Association, Changhua County, Taiwan. Vice president of the Matsudaira-han Bunbu Gakkō Budōkai. Author of numerous books and papers.
当身殺活術の極意 〜古流柔術に伝わる秘伝打撃術〜 by 小佐野淳
Publisher : BABジャパン Publication date : August 22, 2025 Language : Japanese Print length : 300 pages ISBN-10 : 4814207301 ISBN-13 : 978-4814207305 Item Weight : 280 g Dimensions : 7.4 x 5 x 0.79 inches
Shortly after his 54th training journey to Japan, he conducted a one-day seminar featuring Taijutsu, sword, naginata, and bisentō techniques. The training opened with Kihon Happō, followed by fresh, previously unnamed Taijutsu techniques and principles he had just brought back from his Japanese instructors.
The techniques covered at the seminar.
#
Chapter Title
Time Stamp
1.
Start
00:00:00.00
2.
KIHON HAPPO
00:00:55.28
3.
TAKAGIYOSHIN-RYU ATEKOMI
00:25:25.20
4.
TAKAGIYOSHIN-RYU GYAKUDORI
00:27:35.72
5.
TAKAGIYOSHIN-RYU KERIKOMI
00:30:18.60
6.
KUKISHIN-RYU BISENTO OSHIN
00:33:48.28
7.
KUKISHIN-RYU BISENTO KAKUGYAKU
00:38:03.84
8.
OSHIN (KENJUTSU)
00:40:43.24
9.
KAKUGYAKU (KENJUTSU)
00:41:17.96
10.
UDEORI
00:42:18.64
11.
KIHON HAPPO HENKA
00:48:00.08
12.
JODAN UKE NAGASHI
00:49:09.48
13.
End
00:51:22.00
51 Minutes. The language is Swedish with English, Japanese, German and Spanish subtitles. 1920×1080. QuickTime Text, Subtitle, MPEG-4 AAC, H.264 Stereo. Download size 1.41 GB.
Filmed from two camera angles with high-quality audio and tasteful groovy background music that supports rather than distracts from the instructions.
Short Movie Trailer
About the instructor
Mats Hjelm started training in Bujinkan for the first time around 1983. It wasn’t until 1986 when he had the opportunity to start training more seriously under a Shidōshi. He has taught at numerous seminars all around the world, gone to Japan 3-5 times every year. After he started training he never had a training break. He takes his budo training very seriously! If you want to sponsor a seminar or course, please don’t hesitate to contact him. For more information see his web site toryu.se or come and train with him at Kaigozan Dojo.
I titled this post Born to Fly because I sometimes feel like I am
compelled to fly to Japan. It feels like a second home. But I also
benefit from all of the wonderful Bujinkan training, friends and
teachers there.
This latest Japan Report video is accompanied by「Born to fly」from アキSONGBIRD.
When I arrived in Noda-shi for a class with Furuta Sensei, I noticed
some changes. I walked to my quick bird watching spot in さざんか公園. And I
saw the pedestrian bridge over 県道3号 was closed for repair or demolition.
Also the パチンコマルキン (pachinko Marukin) is no more.
Class with Furuta Sensei
Furuta Sensei began with a type of 打払型 uchi harai gata. He struck the
opponent in 朝霞 asagasumi. But there was a hidden, hooking finger strike
down into the throat.
During this exchange he focused on changing levels. He used cross
steps to enter and occupy space. And the “body lean” to occupy the gaps
in the opponent’s kamae.
He had the attacker deliver a second punch. And Furuta Sensei used a
cross step to hook and stretch the opponent out. It resulted in a 逆武者捕
gyaku musha dori and a locked shoulder. He told us not to take the arm,
but take the space.
He opened more space by sweeping aside the second punch. He leaned
out of range to sweep it aside, then leaned back into the gap that
created. It was like he was hiding in the gaps in the opponent’s attack.
Furuta Sensei called these leans “taihenjutsu”. This means the art of
changing the body. These body transformations allow for escapes and
counters.
It also creates opportunity for 虚実 kyojitsu. He exposed his own 脇 waki to draw an attack. Then dropped his elbow to parry.
Furuta Sensei then changed to 半棒術 hanbōjutsu 基本 kihon. First with a
kind of 四方捌き shihō sabaki. He told us to move our body while the stick
stays put. He used the word 吊るす tsurusu, to describe the way the stick
remains suspended in space.
Then you might release one end of the hanbō for a long range strike. He explored this against a sword. He used 3-4 strikes with 八文字振り hachimonji furi.
Next, he shared some similar ideas with the 六尺棒 rokushakubō. He had a
fascinating way of palming the end of the bō to remain neutral and
uncommitted. With this technique any strike became possible in the
moment. I guess the stick was “Born to Fly” because he demoed 棒投 bō
nage.
Another neutral position came when he put the bō in a floating 起て
“tate” position. This preceded a downward strike like 面打 men uchi. But
because of its zero quality, the bō could fall on any axis. This would
be for deception or necessity if there were multiple opponents.
My latest Japan training trip was off to a great start. I always
arrive with plans of things to do or see. And I even prepare questions I
hope to ask the teachers. But my favorite experiences are the
unplanned. And there were many which I will share in the next posts.
SHINKEN TAIJUTSU TORA NO MAKI – SHODAN NO KATA with MATS HJELM was filmed at TANRENKAI 1-3 Workshops in January-March 2026 in Sundbyberg.
In the early 1800’s 一柳数馬 Ichiyanagi Kazuma the 18’th Sōke of 九鬼神流柔術 Kukishin-ryu Jūjutsu and his successor 一柳織部 Ichiyanagi Oribe from the Ichiyanagi clan had also trained other arts such as Shindenfudō-ryū. With the structure of Kukishin-ryū they also incorporated elements from Shindenfudō-ryū. They Modified the old Dakentaijutsu techniques to be more suitable for the modern age without the Yoroi.
They called it 真剣体術虎の巻 Shinken Taijutsu Tora no Maki. This new system was transmitted to Ishitani, Takamatsu and Hatsumi.
This Video Highlights Include: – Kamae (5 postures/stances) – Ukemi (3 blocks/receptions) – Suwari Kata (3 seated techniques) – Shodan Kata (12 first level techniques)
45 Minutes. The language is Swedish with English subtitles. 1920×1080. QuickTime Text, MPEG-4 AAC, H.264. Stereo. Download size 1.17 GB.
If you don’t see the promo video below go to BUJINKAN.TV
About the instructor
Mats Hjelm started training in Bujinkan for the first time around 1983. It wasn’t until 1986 when he had the opportunity to start training more seriously under a Shidōshi. He has taught at numerous seminars all around the world, gone to Japan 3-5 times every year. After he started training he never had a training break. He takes his budo training very seriously! If you want to sponsor a seminar or course, please don’t hesitate to contact him. For more information see his web site toryu.se or come and train with him at Kaigozan Dojo.
The theme in 2004 was Roppō Kuji no Biken. Below is a summarisation by Grok of the transcripts from the 10 Hikan Densho DVD’s and Daikomyōsai DVD from this year.
In the January–February 2004 training sessions at the Honbu Dojo, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke continued to explore the year’s core theme of Roppō Kuji no Biken—the secret sword of the six laws and nine syllables—while deeply grounding everything in Budo no Kiso, the fundamentals of martial arts. The sword remained the primary focus, but he constantly showed how the same principles apply to all weapons, to taijutsu, and to daily life. He began by speaking directly to viewers of the ongoing video series, explaining that the recordings were now moving into volume 11 after the first ten tapes. He wanted everyone—whether they practice budo or not—to understand the correct way to watch and absorb the material. He emphasized that war and peace are not separate[1]; they are deeply connected. This connection, he said, is extremely important. He pointed to the kanji for peace (平, hei/heiwa) and traced its meaning through Japanese history: the 平家物語 Heike Monogatari Tale of the Heike, the rise and fall of the Genji and Heike clans, the 太平記 Taiheiki chronicle, and even the 平成 Heisei era (8 January 1989 to 30 April 2019). The same character also echoes the sound of soldier or troops (兵, hei)[2], and in older usage it described states of battle or balanced equilibrium. In budo, he explained, body techniques, weapons, nature—everything is linked. Recognizing this interconnectedness reveals a vital part of the art. He urged people to view the tapes as essential teachings for living itself, not just for martial study.
The eighteen arts of culture and war—these are all connected too. It’s not about the number 18 as a digit, you know; that character 1 and 8, during battles, people often say 一か八か “Ichika Bachika“—putting everything on the line in a do-or-die match. So, when it comes to the 武芸十八般 Bugei Jūhappan, budo of the eighteen arts, even if you’re analyzing them, don’t analyze—don’t do that kind of thing. Instead, put the word “Ichika Batchika” first, and from there, creative fighting comes alive, I think that’s better. If you take that as the premise and proceed, then something like the intent of war emerges, or something like that.
January 6 and 13’th and February 3, 13, 17, and 20’th 2004
During the demonstrations, Hatsumi showed practical sword work with a strong emphasis on body integration. He explained that the sharpest cutting happens at the tip’s three-sun point. He stressed that real sword technique uses the whole body, not just the blade alone. It is not about mechanically swinging the sword; it is about driving forward with taijutsu principles embedded in every motion. He demonstrated controlling with the tsuba or hilt, hooking and pressing to create openings, and flowing naturally without fixed patterns. He repeatedly returned to the state of zero: eliminate all conscious intention of what to do or how to act. In that zero state, responses to incoming attacks—whether punches, kicks, or cuts—arise spontaneously. He showed how to meet force with minimal effort, redirecting or suppressing without tension, and letting the opponent’s momentum become the decisive factor.
戦 争 も 平 和 も つ な が っ て い る と い う こ と 。 こ れ が と て も 大 事 な ん で す ね 。 Sensō mo heiwa mo tsunagatte iru to iu koto. Kore ga totemo daiji nan desu ne.
War and peace are connected. This is extremely important.
He encouraged the group to express even one small insight after each session, because everything is connected from a single point. One genuine expression from any person can link to the whole. He reminded everyone that every participant is a teacher in their own way. A student described an unexpected throw straight downward instead of sideways, feeling a terrifying unpredictability where nothing went as anticipated. Hatsumi connected this sensation to the effectiveness of guerrilla tactics or terrorism: the moment something defies expectation, it becomes powerful. Cultivating that kind of unpredictable feeling through training allows it to be applied in many different situations.
ゼ ロ の 状 態 で ね 、 そ こ で 何 を と か 、 や ろ う と か っ て 意 識 全 部 な く す こ と ね 。 Zero no jōtai de ne, soko de nani o toka, yarō toka tte ishiki zenbu nakusu koto ne.
In the state of zero, eliminate all consciousness of what to do or trying to do something.
Throughout the sessions Hatsumi maintained that budo is not about separating skills into categories or analyzing the eighteen arts of culture and war. Instead, approach everything with total commitment—the spirit of “all or nothing.” Even in times of peace, human beings are always engaged in some form of struggle, internal or external. Training in budo reveals that war and peace are the same. In that realization lies true life. He invited the group to keep watching the video series with this perspective, because once the connection between war and peace is understood, the images take on a completely different meaning. The training was practical and direct, blending sword fundamentals with broader budo principles, always pointing back to interconnectedness, zero awareness, whole-body feeling, and the unity of apparent opposites.
February 22, 24, 27, 29’th and March 2, 5’th 2004
In the February 22–March 5, 2004 training sessions at the Honbu Dojo, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke continued deepening the year’s focus on Roppō Kuji no Biken (the secret sword of the six laws and nine syllables) and Budo no Kiso (fundamentals of budo), with heavy emphasis on sword work integrated with taijutsu principles. He demonstrated how to meet incoming cuts—especially to the body or shoulder—by entering precisely without clashing, using the elbow to redirect or press while controlling the opponent’s line of attack. He explained that standing techniques differ completely from ground or seated scenarios, and that armor changes everything: even a direct shoulder cut with a sword may not penetrate effectively, requiring subtle entries to exploit gaps or vulnerabilities.
だ か ら 決 ま っ て ね え か ら ね 、 教 え ら れ ね え ん だ か ら な 。 Dakara kimatte nē kara ne, oshierarenē n da kara na.
Because it’s not fixed, that’s why it can’t be taught (in a rigid way).
Hatsumi stressed adaptability and the absence of fixed patterns. When an opponent cuts, the defender must avoid predetermined blocks or counters; instead, respond fluidly from zero intention. He showed variations on controlling the sword arm—pressing with the shoulder, shifting grip, or flowing into throws—always emphasizing whole-body use over isolated hand or blade action. Techniques like yubi kudaki (finger crushing) appeared in transitions, but he reminded everyone to execute gently to avoid unnecessary pain while still achieving control. He demonstrated how to drop or pin an opponent by rolling pressure upward along the arm with the knee, gradually increasing discomfort without relying on brute force, and warned that careless application could lead to serious injury.
こ こ 肘 で い か ね え と ダ メ だ よ 。 Koko hiji de ikanē to dame da yo.
You have to go with the elbow here; otherwise it won’t work.
Throughout, he reinforced that nothing should be decided in advance—fixing a technique mentally leads to failure in real combat. Responses must remain open and creative, allowing variations to emerge naturally from the moment. He linked this to broader survival awareness: recognize when something works, when it doesn’t, and when to shift entirely. Demonstrations included close-range entries against punches or grabs, using shoulder movement to disrupt balance and create openings, then flowing into control or throws. He encouraged the group to practice these shifts repeatedly, noting that even small adjustments (like changing direction or pressure) make everything unpredictable and effective.
The training blended sword fundamentals with taijutsu, always circling back to interconnectedness—body, weapon, intent, and environment—and the necessity of zero-state awareness where conscious effort disappears. Hatsumi kept the sessions practical and exploratory, praising progress while urging deeper feeling and non-attachment to rigid forms.
March 7, 9, 12, 16’th 2004
In the March 7–16, 2004 training sessions at the Honbu Dojo, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke continued to explore the year’s themes of Roppō Kuji no Biken (the secret sword of the six laws and nine syllables) and Budo no Kiso (fundamentals of budo), with a strong focus on sword handling integrated with whole-body taijutsu. He demonstrated how to enter against incoming cuts—especially to the body or shoulder—by using precise timing and body alignment rather than direct blocks. He explained that the defender must press or redirect with the elbow or shoulder to control the opponent’s line, preventing them from completing the cut while creating openings for counter-movement. Techniques emphasized flowing entries, shoulder-driven redirects, and using the entire body to disrupt balance without relying solely on the hands or blade.
二 刀 を 使 う た め に は ね 、 一 刀 を 使 わ な い こ と ね 。 Nitō o tsukau tame ni wa ne, ittō o tsukawanai koto ne.
To use two swords, you must not use one sword.
Hatsumi repeatedly stressed the importance of non-fixed responses and zero intention. Nothing should be decided in advance; fixing a technique mentally leads to failure in real situations. He showed variations on controlling the sword arm—pressing, shifting grip, or flowing into throws—always highlighting that true effectiveness comes from whole-body connection rather than isolated action. He linked these ideas to Miyamoto Musashi’s two-sword style (nitō-ryū), explaining that using two swords truly begins with not using one sword at all—meaning the practitioner must master single-sword principles so deeply that dual wielding emerges naturally from the same zero-state awareness.
こ う い う 感 覚 は ね 、 自 分 で は な か な か 味 わ え な い か ら ね 。 Kō iu kan kaku wa ne, jibun de wa naka naka ajiwaenai kara ne.
This kind of feeling is something you can rarely experience by yourself.
He encouraged studying the unique feeling that arises only when receiving techniques directly from another person. Self-practice can improve form, but the subtle sensation of being moved or controlled requires direct transmission from teacher to student. Demonstrations included close-range entries against grabs or strikes, using shoulder movement to unbalance, then transitioning into control or drops. He showed how to manipulate space so the opponent feels pinned or spun without obvious force, often with no audible sword clash—creating a silent, decisive cut or redirection.
The sessions maintained a practical, exploratory tone, blending sword fundamentals with taijutsu to underscore whole-body connection, zero-state awareness, and the unity of apparent opposites—body and blade, intent and non-intent, self and environment. Hatsumi guided participants toward trusting intuitive feeling over rigid patterns, fostering deeper internal awareness through direct experience and shared practice.
March 19, 21, 23, 26, 30’th and April 6, 11’th 2004
In the March 19–April 11, 2004 training sessions at the Honbu Dojo, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke continued refining sword principles within the year’s Roppō Kuji no Biken and Budo no Kiso themes, but shifted focus toward extremely close-range, intimate control and the hidden dangers of seemingly gentle techniques. He demonstrated how to enter against grabs or cuts by releasing one hand while maintaining contact with the other, using subtle body turns and shoulder pressure to redirect force without obvious exertion. He showed variations on finger control (yubi kudaki) and arm manipulation, stressing that techniques must remain soft and non-committal at first—never fully committing to one path—so the opponent cannot predict or counter effectively. He explained that true two-sword mastery (nitō-ryū) paradoxically begins with not using a single sword at all, meaning the practitioner must embody single-sword awareness so completely that dual wielding flows naturally from the same unified state without separate effort.
二 刀 を 使 う た め に は ね 、 一 刀 を 使 わ な い こ と ね 。 Nitō o tsukau tame ni wa ne, ittō o tsukawanai koto ne.
To use two swords, you must not use one sword.
A major emphasis was on the irreplaceable nature of direct, personal transmission. Hatsumi pointed out that certain profound sensations—particularly the feeling of being moved, controlled, or redirected—cannot be fully grasped through solo practice or watching others. These experiences only arise when receiving the technique directly from another person, especially the teacher, making one-to-one interaction essential for internalizing the subtle, wordless understanding that underlies real effectiveness. He urged the group to study this unique feeling closely, as it forms the bridge between visible form and invisible reality.
剣 を 回 す だ け じ ゃ な い 。 切 れ 。 剣 で も っ て 巻 き 上 げ る ん だ 。 Ken o mawasu dake ja nai. Kire. Ken de motte makiageru n da.
It’s not just turning the sword. Cut. You spin him up with the sword.
He demonstrated how to exploit pockets or clothing in close quarters—grabbing for money, hidden weapons like shuriken, or other items—turning the opponent’s possessions into tools against them or simply assessing resources before deciding whether to continue. He humorously noted that if there’s no money, there’s no need to bother, adding that he wouldn’t act in certain cases for exactly that reason. These examples highlighted that budo extends far beyond sport or kata: it involves practical street-level awareness, improvisation, and survival intelligence.
Hatsumi also showed how to generate silent, decisive outcomes with the sword—no audible clash or dramatic motion—by manipulating space so the opponent feels spun or pinned without force. He warned repeatedly about the hidden lethality of techniques that appear gentle: what looks harmless can easily break fingers, loosen teeth, or cause serious injury if applied carelessly. He demonstrated strikes to the base of the teeth (rather than the chin) for maximum disruption with minimal visible effort, but cautioned against overdoing it, recounting past incidents where similar applications led to dental damage. The sessions maintained a balance of serious instruction and humor, with Hatsumi guiding participants toward trusting intuitive, moment-to-moment adaptation over rigid planning or visible power.
April 1-3 Takamatsu 33 Anniversary Taikai 2004
Day 1 (April 1’st 2004)
In the 2004 Takamatsu Memorial Taikai (Day 1) in Japan, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke opened by framing the year’s theme—Roppō Kuji no Biken (the secret sword of the six laws and nine syllables)—through a deep esoteric lens. He connected Miyamoto Musashi‘s Go Rin no Sho (five elements: earth, water, fire, wind, void) to Mikkyō (esoteric Buddhism), adding a sixth element: 識 (shiki, consciousness/perception). He explained that in Mikkyō, the six great elements encompass the totality of Buddhist reality, while in budo this becomes a complete view of martial essence. Ninjas, he said, “endure the body, endure the mind, endure the form, and endure consciousness practicing through six generations rather than five to fully grasp this holistic understanding.”
忍 者 は そ の 身 を 忍 び 心 を 忍 び 式 を 忍 ぶ と 言 い ま し て ね 、 識 を 忍 む と … 五 代 じ ゃ な く て 六 代 ま で で す ね 、 え ー 、 修 行 し た と 。 Ninja wa sono mi o shinobi kokoro o shinobi shiki o shinobu to iimashite ne, shiki o shinomu to… go-dai ja nakute roku-dai made desu ne, ē, shugyō shita to.
Ninjas are said to endure the body, endure the mind, endure the form, and endure consciousness… not five generations, but six generations of practice.
Hatsumi emphasized that the seminar would center on the practical reality of long and short swords, urging participants to truly grasp their essence beyond theory. He demonstrated hidden-weapon integration—shukō (finger claws), shuriken, and other concealed tools—while keeping them invisible to the opponent. He showed how to squeeze or control with minimal visible action (e.g., toe/fingernail pressure while moving), making the opponent unable to see or predict the source of control. He stressed that even without direct hand contact, techniques can succeed by entering the right spatial angle or timing.
A unique point was the concept of “up-down” dynamics in pinning or dropping: once pressure rises, immediately drop straight down for decisive effect (“Up! Down. Die.”). He linked this to silent, unseen dominance—opponents cannot retaliate because they never perceive the true point of control. Hatsumi also highlighted the importance of 識を忍ぶ Shiki o shinobu (enduring consciousness) as the highest level of awareness, where perception itself becomes a tool to endure and transcend ordinary limits. The training blended sword work with taijutsu, hidden weapons, and spatial manipulation, always returning to the idea that real mastery lies in what cannot be seen or anticipated.
Day 2 (April 2’nd 2004)
In the second day of the 2004 Takamatsu Memorial Taikai in Japan (April 2, coinciding with the 33rd anniversary of Takamatsu Toshitsugu’s passing), Masaaki Hatsumi Soke opened with a solemn yet joyful acknowledgment of the occasion. He expressed confidence that Takamatsu Sensei would be pleased to see so many international participants gathered in support of the Bujinkan. He reflected on the significance of the 33rd memorial, noting it as a pivotal moment for the Bujinkan to protect its essence and traditions moving forward, especially as higher ranks like 15th dan would emerge in the future.
Takamatsu Sensei would be extremely pleased to see so many coming from around the world like this.
He reminded the group of the longstanding rules of transmission within the nine ryūha—passed down as 一子相伝 Isshi Sōden (one-to-one inheritance from teacher to single successor) with strict, unchanging guidelines. These rules, he clarified, apply not just to the Bujinkan as a whole but specifically to the nine traditions themselves.
昔 か ら で す ね 。 代 々 の 誓 い の 一 子 相 伝 で ね 。 決 ま っ た ル ー ル が あ り ま す 。 Mukashi kara desu ne. Dayo no chikai no isshi sōden de ne. Kimatta rūru ga arimasu.
It’s been this way since ancient times. It’s one-to-one transmission with generational vows. There are fixed rules.
Training focused on practical, adaptive sword work with hidden or improvised tools. Hatsumi demonstrated close-in entries and controls, showing how to attach shukō (finger claws), hidden weapons, or leverage devices (teko / fulcrums) to fingertips, toes, forearms, or elsewhere—imagining armor, metal fans (tessen), or other everyday items as extensions of movement. He encouraged practicing these integrations to make techniques more versatile and unpredictable, even when no weapon is visibly drawn.
He also showed how a metal fan or similar rigid object could cut or strike effectively when used with proper body mechanics (“金属扇 it can cut, you see, when you use like this”). The emphasis was on imagining and embodying multiple possibilities in real-time—attaching tools mentally and physically to adapt without fixed form.
The day closed with appreciation for the group’s effort and a call to continue tomorrow, maintaining a reverent yet lively atmosphere honoring Takamatsu Sensei’s legacy through living, evolving practice.
Day 3 (April 3’rd 2004)
In the third and final day of the 2004 Takamatsu Memorial Taikai in Japan, Masaaki Hatsumi Soke brought the event to a close with a reflective tone, honoring the occasion as the 33rd anniversary of Takamatsu Toshitsugu’s passing (April 2). He expressed deep appreciation for the international gathering, believing Takamatsu Sensei would be profoundly pleased to see so many people from around the world supporting and preserving the Bujinkan. He spoke of the importance of safeguarding the tradition moving forward, especially as higher ranks such as 15th dan would begin to appear, and reiterated the ancient, inviolable rules of transmission within the nine ryūha—passed as isshi sōden (one-to-one inheritance) with strict, generational vows that remain unchanged.
You have to use the whole body to do this properly.
Training continued with sword work emphasizing leverage, body integration, and hidden-tool adaptation. Hatsumi demonstrated how to switch grips or reverse the blade mid-motion, using the whole body to redirect or drop the opponent without relying solely on arm strength. He showed techniques where contact is optional or minimal—entering angles where hands may not even reach the target yet still achieve control (from earlier context, but here applied in new variations). He encouraged imagining attachments like shikō, hidden weapons, or fulcrums on fingertips, toes, or forearms to multiply options —turning everyday or concealed items into extensions of movement.
エ ク ス カ リ バ ー の 剣 だ と か ね 、 日 本 の 名 刀 だ と か ね 、 そ の 関 係 が ね 、 よ く わ か っ て く る と 思 う ね 。 Ekusukaribā no ken da to ka ne, Nihon no meitō da to ka ne, sono kankei ga ne, yoku wakatte kuru to omou ne.
Swords like Excalibur, or Japan’s famous named blades—their connection becomes clear, I think.
A unique thread was the deeper symbolic meaning of the sword itself. Hatsumi connected the practice to legendary blades like Excalibur and Japan’s 名刀 Meitō (famous swords), suggesting that understanding the sword’s true nature reveals connections between East and West, and between the physical weapon and higher dimensions. He implied that even dying by the sword does not end life in the deeper sense—there is a continuity beyond physical form.
The day ended with warm gratitude for the group’s effort and an invitation to enjoy the evening, leaving participants with a sense of reverence for Takamatsu Sensei’s legacy, the sacred responsibility of transmission, and the sword as both a tool and a symbol of transcendence.
April 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30’th and May 2, 7, 11’th 2004
The April-May 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke focuses on fluid, non-forced taijutsu control, where initial contact remains soft and playful, allowing natural balance-taking without early or habitual gripping. He demonstrates receiving attacks lightly, trapping the opponent’s arm against his own leg or body so both arms become vulnerable through subtle shifts, emphasizing that no position is ever fixed—everything adapts instantly via body awareness and spatial flow rather than premeditated technique.
体と空間で入る。で決めてないんだよ決めてるようにやってけど、全然決まってない。 Karada to kūkan de hairu. De kimetenai n da yo kimeteru yō ni yatte kedo, zenzen kimattenai.
“Enter with body and space. Nothing is decided, even though it looks decided, it’s completely undecided.”
Hatsumi repeatedly stresses holding only when truly necessary; routine grabbing fails in real scenarios. He shows body attachment—sticking so the opponent cannot escape—enabling the practitioner’s body to follow the attacker’s momentum, creating openings for redirection, strikes, or throws. In drills, he illustrates raising arms with tsuba-like lifts or tsuki motions to meet rather than flee force, teaching that true control arises from joining the movement. He contrasts two pushing variations (one pressing from above while securing below, the other releasing to redirect), noting their distinct feelings and the need for separate practice.
逃げられないから。体もついてくるんですよ。これがとっても大事だってことを覚えてる。 Nige rarenai kara. Karada mo tsuite kuru n desu yo. Kore ga tottemo daiji da tte koto o oboeteru.
“Because you can’t escape. The body comes along too. Remember this is extremely important.”
He teaches using the opponent as a shield against further threats by turning their body while maintaining control. With weapons, he explores deceptive handle positioning to confuse timing before finishing with short blades, and insists on abandoning conscious intent to cut or strike—deliberate effort telegraphs action and invites evasion. Effective technique emerges when the body moves without trying, integrating naturally into the flow. Demonstrations include minimal hidden elbow/wrist motions for covering or redirecting, targeting wrists/hands over heads to open thrust lines, and physiological cues like feeling pulse points for artery targeting.
Throughout, he highlights researching versatile strikes—even from weak grips—that drop opponents effectively, and whole-body redirection over isolated hand actions. He concludes that genuine budō requires full bodily absorption of principles, beyond mere mental or emotional understanding; only then does unified mind-heart-body awareness enable hapō ken and fearless adaptation in Bujinkan budō taijutsu.
May 14, 21, 28’th and June 4, 11, 18, 25’th 2004
The May 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke emphasizes intuitive sensory awareness over visible technique, particularly through elbow usage and subtle finger control to create control without obvious effort. He demonstrates how the elbow draws close to the head or target area to enable quick, hidden redirection, stressing that one must study this feeling deeply so the opponent cannot read intentions. He shows hooking and releasing in rapid succession, using the elbow’s reversal to transmit force or endure pressure while flowing naturally, even when space limits large movements—simply lowering with the hand suffices to disrupt vision or balance.
肘を使えることよく覚えてる、こうですよ。 Hiji o tsukaeru koto yoku oboeteru, kō desu yo.
“Remember well how to use the elbow, like this.”
Hatsumi teaches avoiding any display of technique to the opponent, as revealing it invites counters; instead, movements should remain unpredictable and zero-intent, relying on spatial gaps rather than power or specific grips. He illustrates finger positioning to press or hook minimally, creating openings where the next threat—real or potential—cannot be anticipated, and how releasing a hold mid-motion keeps the opponent off-balance. In multi-angle scenarios, he controls both sides simultaneously or switches freely, even after letting go with the hands, as the greater flow persists.
相手は自分自身を忘れさせるね。 Aite wa jibun jishin o wasuresaseru ne.
“Make the opponent forget themselves.”
He highlights using centrifugal force from legs or body rotation to make the opponent forget themselves, dispersing their power to achieve stability and balance. Demonstrations include pulling clothing alongside the hand to double the hold before kicking, timing strikes to exploit weight shifts so the opponent cannot brace, and employing hidden elements—like concealed tools or deceptive releases—to exploit momentary vulnerabilities. He stresses that real encounters involve luck and unpredictability; no skill guarantees survival if fortune turns, urging constant caution and appreciation of life’s fragility, akin to historical references like kuji-in for mental resilience.
Throughout, the focus remains on sensory study—feeling which hand the opponent uses, sensing openings instinctively, and adapting without calculation—so actions emerge automatically, rendering the practitioner hard to counter while maintaining effortless versatility.
July 2, 6, 9, 20, 23’th and August 6, 8, 10’th 2004
The July-August 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke centers on precise entry methods and the use of natural force in taijutsu, with strong emphasis on entering in directions that prevent counters and control the opponent without direct grabbing. He repeatedly demonstrates that the way of entering is crucial: one must absolutely avoid flowing into the opponent’s striking path. Instead, enter while opening spaces and pressing points so the opponent cannot hit effectively. He shows not taking the arm or technique directly but opening it, then using the elbow to strike key points sharply—causing a collapse or “パタン Patan[3]”—followed by throws, often three times in sequence. He warns that such actions are dangerous, so stop immediately after demonstration, and stresses releasing holds quickly.
入り方が大事だな。入り方が。絶対にぶ流れる方向には入ってないとダメだ。 Iri-kata ga daiji da na. Iri-kata ga. Zettai ni bu-nagareru hōkō ni wa haittenai to dame da.
“The way of entering is important. The way of entering. You absolutely must not enter in the direction where it flows into the opponent’s path.”
Hatsumi explains that current training teaches more than isolated body techniques; it conveys larger natural power and natural force. By tuning into this, one understands true fighting survival. He demonstrates pressing while directing the opponent to perform specific actions, and shows how the same movements adapt across contexts, including with weapons drawn but still usable in flow. In later segments, he illustrates armor considerations: practice as if wearing yoroi changes movement entirely—body enters openings instead of hands, keeping spaces open during entry, and power points shift accordingly. Techniques evolve generationally based on clothing, equipment, and cultural factors, making engineering and folkloric study essential. He positions Bujinkan as preserving a cultural heritage for humanity, not promoting violence, but safeguarding life through mindful transmission.
自然力 を 教え て いる わけ です 、 自然力 。 Shizen-ryoku o oshiete iru wake desu, shizen-ryoku.
“We are teaching natural power, natural force.”
He teaches residual awareness (zanshin) as extremely important, maintaining it fully to the end. Demonstrations include pulling downward on armor-like grips to expose vulnerabilities, sticking the body to incoming force without hand reliance, chaining responses naturally to zero resistance, and searching openings carefully since armor (or everyday items like pockets with objects) blocks many entries and creates new “armor” effects. Movements must adapt to these variables without force, using space and air instead of weapons alone.
世界 遺産 と して やって る わけ ね 。 Sekai isan to shite yatteru wake ne.
“We are doing this as a world heritage.”
August 15, 20’th and September 10. 17, 24, 28’th and October 1’st 2004
The August-October 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke concentrates on body-based suppression of the opponent’s structure and movement, using shoulder, elbow, and hip pressure to create multiple blockages and drops without relying solely on hand grips. He demonstrates pressing various body parts to inhibit natural motion—such as squeezing shoulders to cause immediate collapse or discomfort—while explaining that different points produce distinctly different effects even if the hand position looks similar. He stresses that the body itself comes along in the technique, making suppression feel total and inescapable, and shows how opening spaces or shifting angles allows follow-up control, like turning the opponent sideways or dropping them by leveraging the whole torso rather than isolated limbs.
キックはなるべくかわすってことを覚えておいてください。実戦の場合ね。 Kikku wa narubeku kawasu tte koto o oboete oite kudasai. Jissen no baai ne.
“Remember to evade kicks as much as possible. In real combat situations.”
Hatsumi repeatedly highlights avoiding direct hand evasion of kicks due to high risk in real scenarios—especially against shoes or hard impacts—urging practitioners to evade or redirect kicks primarily with the body instead of hands whenever possible. He teaches that hand blocks invite greater danger, so training should prioritize whole-body movement to handle strong kicks safely. In sword-related drills, he explains that swords have multiple aspects or “three” or “five” elements (referring to edges, flats, guards, etc.), demonstrating how to enter close, use the body to stick or ride incoming cuts, and apply strikes or controls at the nearest point with feeling rather than calculation. He shows resting the sword or tool on the opponent’s structure to control without grabbing shoulders forcefully, allowing access to weapons or further actions while the opponent remains immobilized.
剣はやっぱり五つあるということを覚えておいてね。 Ken wa yappari itsutsu aru to iu koto o oboete oite ne.
“Remember that the sword has five aspects/elements.”
He emphasizes that in serious fights or life-or-death encounters, adaptation to changing circumstances is crucial—respond according to what arises rather than fixed patterns. Techniques are not just about striking down the opponent; they involve variations (such as from shuko tools) where the goal shifts to knocking down or disrupting balance using the waist and full body, not merely hitting with hands. He demonstrates quick, body-driven drops (“daan” sound effect) to fell the opponent rapidly, noting how entering properly lets the practitioner move freely while the opponent cannot respond or escape.
打ち倒すばかりじゃない。 Uchi taosu bakari ja nai.
“It’s not just about striking down the opponent.”
October 3, 8, 10, 15, 24, 29’th and November 5, 7’th 2004
The October-November 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke focuses on the principle of “wrapping up” or compression without initial force, where the practitioner starts from emptiness and gradually envelops the opponent as they commit to an attack. He demonstrates entering with no preconceived grab, allowing the opponent’s punch or movement to create an opening that he then takes away by walking forward—disrupting balance through hip-driven motion rather than arm strength alone. The elbows connect deeply to the hips for full-body leverage, making resistance futile even against stronger opponents, as the technique uses the attacker’s own extension to straighten and expose their structure.
男 性 で も 女 性 で も な い 。 命 を 守 る 。 キ ー プ す る 。 Dansei de mo josei de mo nai. Inochi o mamoru. Keep suru.
“Neither masculine nor feminine. It protects life. It keeps/preserves it.”
Hatsumi stresses that techniques transcend gender, strength, or weakness—neither masculine nor feminine, but a method to preserve life (“命の技 Inochi o mamoru.”). He shows using the entire body to attach and control rather than isolated hands or fingertips; avoid thinking of “taking” with the hand first—instead, stick fully so the opponent becomes like a puppet or doll, unable to move freely. Demonstrations include leg trapping combined with upper-body wrapping, where pulling one limb draws the opponent in for a sudden drop (“パーン!” Pā n! (see note 3)), and maintaining free hand use throughout for ongoing options without locking into one grip.
鎧を着る時。鎧だと相手の、重心を、壊す意味においてとっても大事なんだよ。 Yoroi o kiru toki. Yoroi da to aite no, jūshin o, kowasu imi ni oite tottemo daiji nan da yo.
“When wearing armor. In armor, this is extremely important for the purpose of destroying the opponent’s center of gravity.”
He explains that true effectiveness arises from not forcing or resisting—simply taking what’s available in the moment, like fishing without targeting a specific catch. In armor contexts, this wrapping becomes vital for destroying the opponent’s center of gravity without immediate grabs; position the body correctly first, then use all limbs naturally to restrict movement. He notes how the opponent ends up with their back turned or head exposed, unable to take proper ukemi, as if caught in a typhoon’s void—nothing to grasp, everything pulled away progressively. Weapons integrate seamlessly once control is established, but training emphasizes unarmed foundation so armed applications feel natural and terrifyingly efficient.
気持ちでわかるね。だから殴ってきたらこれでこれでもいいね。 Kimochi de wakaru ne. Dakara nagutte kitara kore de kore de mo ii ne.
“It becomes understandable through feeling. So when they punch, this or that works fine.”
Throughout, he encourages feeling the opponent’s intent intuitively (“気持ちでわかる Kimochi de Wakaru”), avoiding over-muscular effort, and practicing to keep hands always ready while the body envelops completely for total suppression.
November 19, 26, 28’th and December 5, 10, 17, 19’th 2004
The November-December 2004 training session with Hatsumi Sōke centers on the effective, everyday integration of small improvised weapons (spoons, chopsticks, shuriken, bo shuriken, or any handheld object) into taijutsu, emphasizing that true combat utility comes from subtle finger-level control rather than overt strength. He demonstrates hooking or attaching with minimal contact—often one finger—then shifting the entire dynamic so the opponent collapses or opens without forceful gripping; dropping the tool mid-sequence allows quick follow-ups like repeated light cuts (“キュッ、キュッ、キュッ”) or presses, always with warnings to be careful due to danger.
“Don’t think about becoming strong. Next, remember space well. It’s not about strong or weak.”
Hatsumi stresses avoiding the mindset of “becoming strong”—focus instead on space awareness and lightness, where power is irrelevant and technique emerges from zero intention. He shows how even a single incoming action creates cascading effects: pressing or redirecting leads the opponent to return or fall naturally, changing direction mid-flow without fixed forms or sequences—everything resets to zero. Practitioners must feel and exploit the “escape” direction the opponent chooses, turning their strongest evasion into a counter collision point where they crash into control.
逃 が し て く れ る 方 向 に 逃 げ る と 、 そ こ を 押 さ え ら れ て く る ん で す ね 。 Nigashite kureru hōkō ni nigeru to, soko o osaerarete kuru n desu ne.
“If you escape in the direction they let you escape to, that spot gets pressed/controlled.”
He describes this as a modern, essential martial sensation for changing times—countering without meeting force head-on, using the opponent’s commitment against them like an iridescent jewel (tamamushi) illusion that appears solid but shifts unpredictably. Demonstrations include armor-specific entries: slipping under maedare (front apron) to open gaps, targeting ears for painful control without full grabs, or using short ninja-to angles from below to hook and disrupt rather than clash directly—reversing cuts risks self-injury if the opponent turns.
Throughout, he teaches that weapons become truly usable only after mastering this spatial, non-grasping sensation—train until control feels automatic and natural, where the opponent “fits” into suppression themselves without deliberate force. The goal is not destruction but effortless dominance through awareness of openings, direction changes, and improvised tools in real scenarios.
Sō desu yo ne. Koko de oshiero tte itta tte, oshierarenai ne. Osowatte nani mo nai ne. Kō iu kankaku made renshū shinakucha dame, dekiru made ne.
“That’s right. Even if I say teach here, it can’t be taught. Being taught, there’s nothing. You must practice up to this sensation, until you can do it.”
Daikomyōsai (November 30, December 1-2’nd 2004) Origins of Budo
Day 1 (November 30’th 2004)
The 2004 Daikomyosai Day 1 training with Hatsumi Sōke centers on studying budō from the perspective of wearing armor, with participants instructed to train as if in armor even without wearing it physically, to grasp how it alters movement, balance, and technique. He explains that armor restricts normal walking, requiring hip-driven steps for effective motion, especially with weapons like bayonets or guns. He demonstrates that strikes and evasions change significantly in armor, such as using the kote area differently and hooking without heavy grabbing. With swords, he shows close-range control, keeping the body attached while maintaining full balance, and using proximity to hook and drop the opponent.
ヨロイの中で体が動けるようにすることね。 Yoroi no naka de karada ga ugokeru yō ni suru koto ne.
“Make it so your body can move inside the armor.”
He stresses separating body movement from armor restriction for safety during strikes, adapting to the opponent’s attacks, and noting that grappling in armor differs greatly from regular training—falling in armor creates obstacles rather than clean ukemi. In demonstrations, he illustrates entering and controlling with minimal grip, allowing freedom to change techniques, and using a light, thread-like connection. For incoming punches, he covers and redirects while emphasizing whole-body involvement. He concludes that simple techniques offer infinite applications, advising against overcomplicating or using fancy movements so one can move freely.
複雑なことを考えすぎなくていい。派手なことをしすぎない。 Fukuzatsu na koto o kangaesugi nakute ii. Hade na koto o shisuginai.
“You don’t have to think too much about complicated things. Don’t do too much fancy stuff.”
Day 2 (December 1’st 2004)
The 2004 Daikomyosai Day 2 training with Hatsumi Sōke continues exploring budō through the lens of armor, focusing on how the weight and structure of yoroi amplify striking momentum and presence even with light contact. He demonstrates that armored strikes draw power from the entire body, creating doubled movement and a strong sense of force without deep impact transmission. He explains that armor adds resistance similar to moving through water, demanding taijutsu that adapts fluidly to the worn environment and situation.
片手の場合だとこうやって伸ばすだけ。俺撃ってんじゃねえのね。 Kata-te no baai da to kō yatte nobasu dake. Ore utten ja nē no ne.
“In the one-handed case, just extend like this. I’m not the one striking, right?”
Hatsumi shows simultaneous drawing of the yoroidoshi (armor-piercing dagger) during a strike to integrate weapon use seamlessly. In one-handed sword scenarios, he illustrates extending the blade without overcommitting to avoid disadvantage, emphasizing controlled stopping points over excessive cutting. He teaches using armor components like shoulder drapes as built-in shields that protect while allowing counters. He demonstrates dropping an opponent’s sword with secondary blade techniques and stresses precise sword angle and positioning—small adjustments prevent being cut while enabling safe returns. He warns against cutting too far past the target, as it creates vulnerability, and highlights that proper positioning and minimal overextension keep the exchange favorable.
切りすぎないからいいよね。切りすぎないとまた不利なんです。 Kirisuginai kara ii yo ne. Kirisuginai to mata furi na n desu.
“It’s good because you don’t cut too much. If you cut too much, it becomes disadvantageous again.”
Day 3 (December 2’nd 2004)
The 2004 Daikomyosai Day 3 training with Hatsumi Sōke concludes the armor-focused seminar, emphasizing practical sword use in armored combat and the lifelong depth required to understand true bushido. He demonstrates a specialized tachi (long sword) with double-edged sections for situational adaptability, showing that certain parts do not cut while others do, allowing strikes from unexpected angles or weak points. He stresses entering from unseen or unpredictable directions and targeting vulnerabilities rather than forcing powerful cuts. He explains that picking up objects or moving in armor requires knee bending and proper leg positioning for stability.
少し勉強したぐらいでは、日本の武士道は分かりません。一生勉強しないとね。 Sukoshi benkyō shita gurai de wa, Nihon no bushidō wa wakarimasen. Isshō benkyō shinai to ne.
“Unless you study very well, you’re not going to understand Japanese bushido. It takes your whole life to really understand.”
Throughout, he highlights that superficial study cannot grasp Japanese bushido—it demands a lifetime of dedicated practice. In the closing segment, he announces a significant change: from now on, 15th dan holders will bring their students to Japan for godan (5th dan) tests conducted in his presence, turning the grading into a direct, witnessed evaluation rather than remote or delegated processes. He performs multiple successful godan tests on the spot, describing the events as miraculous and proof of genuine phenomena within the Bujinkan, not imitation or staging. He refutes online claims that the godan test is fake by demonstrating its authenticity live. He ends by thanking participants, encouraging continued training with this spirit, and noting that the seminar is not yet over—practice should continue.
これから15段の人がみんな国から連れてきて、俺の前でみんな15段のテストをしてくれる。 Kore kara jūgo-dan no hito ga minna kuni kara tsurete kite, ore no mae de minna jūgo-dan no tesuto o shite kureru.
“From now on, the 15th dan people will bring their students from their countries, and everyone will do the 15th dan test in front of me.”
武神館に奇跡があるんです。このようにね、私が演出したわけじゃありません。 Bujinkan ni kiseki ga aru n desu. Kono yō ni ne, watashi ga enshutsu shita wake ja arimasen.
“There are miracles in the Bujinkan. Like this—it’s not something I staged or planned.”
Footnotes
He was referring to Lev Tolstoy‘s book War and Peace. ︎
Heitai (兵隊) is a Japanese term literally meaning ‘soldier’ or ‘troops,’ derived from ‘hei’ (soldier) and ‘tai’ (unit or group). It denotes enlisted men or privates in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), primarily those in infantry roles. The term’s primary historical usage refers to these enlisted soldiers serving from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 through the dissolution of the IJA in 1945. ︎
He explicitly said: “これでパタンってやりますよ。これでパタンってやりますよ。肘で。” ( Kore de patan tte yarimasu yo. Kore de patan tte yarimasu yo. Hiji de. ) This translates roughly to: “With this, I do ‘patan’. With this, I do ‘patan’. With the elbow.” The word “patan” (パタン) is not an English word—it’s a Japanese onomatopoeia (giongo/gitaigo). In Japanese sound-effect usage (common in manga, anime, martial arts descriptions, and everyday speech), “patan” (or “patan tte”) mimics a light, sudden, floppy collapse or fall—often something dropping limply, like a book slamming shut, a person flopping down weakly, or a body/structure giving way instantly with a soft “thud” or “flop” sound. It’s lighter and more abrupt than heavier impacts like “batan” (which is a louder slam or heavy fall) or “dosun/zushin” (deep thuds). ︎