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忍術千一夜 NINJUTSU SENICHIYA (The Art of Ninja in 1001 Nights)

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

I was translating another Hiden Magazine article for Bujinkan.online and came up on the following segment about Hatsumi Sōkes experience about his 1964 TV appearance om 忍術千一夜 NINJUTSU SENICHIYA (The Art of Ninja in 1001 Nights).

NINJUTSU SENICHIYA was a segment to the Toei Animation TV anime 少年忍者風のフジ丸 “Shōnen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru” (Fujimaru of the Wind: The Childhood of a Ninja) aired from June 7, 1964, to August 31, 1965.

Hatsumi Sōke showcased and explained various aspects of Ninjutsu and ninja tools, particularly from the Togakure-ryū school. The segment was presented to actress 本間千代子 Honma Chiyoko.

From July issue of Hiden Magazine published in 2002…

Renewing the Image of the Ninja

The Enigmatic World of Ninjas: Reimagined 

Once, ninjas were enigmatic figures in storytelling and the Tachikawa Bunko, where they performed mystifying feats like disappearing in a puff of smoke or transforming into gigantic frogs or monsters. This fairytale-like image of ninja techniques, where they would bite scrolls, form seals, and chant spells, dominated the public consciousness.

In early ninja movies, this image prevailed. Films like “Kage no Eijimaru” starring a young Hiroshi Matsukata and Toei Animation’s “Shonen Sarutobi Sasuke” exemplified this. However, Masaaki Hatsumi Sōke actively participated in visual media like TV and movies, introducing the true nature of Ninjutsu to the public, transforming the existing image of ninjas.

A turning point was the movie “Shinobi no Mono” directed by Satsuo Yamamoto. Here, Hatsumi Sōke, along with the then-living Takamatsu Sōke, provided Ninjutsu guidance, creating a realistic ninja portrayal on screen. Techniques from the Togakure-ryu could be seen throughout the movie, including rust-plate and stick techniques, body movements, and ninja walking.

In the 1964 animated TV show “Shonen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru,” Hatsumi Sōke appeared in the post-episode segment “Ninpo Sen’ichiya,” offering explanations and demonstrations of Ninjutsu and ninja tools, using Togakure-ryu techniques to actress Chiyoko Honma (left). This segment was well-received.

Additionally, in Toei Animation’s TV anime “Shonen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru,” a segment called “Ninpo Sen’ichiya” was included, where Hatsumi Sōke explained and demonstrated Ninjutsu and ninja tools. This unprecedented project likely introduced Togakure-ryu and Hatsumi Sōke to many.

“It was only a 3-minute segment, but the shooting took about an hour and a half. The studio lights were so hot back then that the studio flowers would wilt in about 20 minutes, so we had to replace them several times during shooting. The Ninjutsu demonstration took about 7 hours,” Hatsumi Sōke recalls.

Hatsumi Sōke continued to provide guidance in several movies, TV shows, and stage performances. Notable works include Teruo Ishii’s “Direct Hit! Hell Fist,” Lewis Gilbert’s “You Only Live Twice,” and Kado Hanado’s “Sengoku Mayou Monogatari.” He also appeared in numerous programs, contributing to the creation of a realistic ninja image and establishing Ninjutsu as a martial art. However, the sensationalist public perception of Ninjutsu and ninjas has always been a significant barrier for Hatsumi Sōke, likely posing challenges to this day.

忍術千一夜 NINJUTSU SENICHIYA 19 Episodes

NINJUTSU SENICHIYA EPISODE LIST:

01. SENBAN-SHURIKEN
02. BŌ-SHURIKEN
03. TENMON, KETSU-IN MAKIMONO
04. NINJA SHOZOKU, NINJATŌ
05. SHINOBI BUKI
06. TETSUBUSHI, METSUBUSHI, KASUNAI
07. GETA, ARUKI
08. SUITON NO JUTSU
09. KATON NO JUTSU, KAYAKUJUTSU
10. KOPPŌJUTSU
11. NINJATŌ, KENPŌ
12. KAYAKUJUTSU, TEPPŌJUTSU, HŌJUTSU
13. KAMAYARI
14. CHITON, SUITON NO JUTSU
15. BŌJUTSU
16. TOGAKURE-RYŪ BIKENJUTSU, YOROI
17. SHIKOMI, HENSOJUTSU
18. KUSARIGAMA, KYŌKETSUSHOGE
19. TOBIDOGU, SHURIKEN, FUKIYA

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Banpenfugyō: Cultivating Adaptability and Cognitive Flexibility

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

Introduction

The Japanese concept of 万変不驚  Banpenfugyō, often associated with martial arts, encapsulates the essence of adaptability and cognitive flexibility. In the heat of a physical confrontation, it beckons martial artists to relinquish preconceived techniques and allow an intuitive, divine power to guide their actions. This essay delves into the philosophy of Banpenfugyō within the context of Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu, exploring how it trains practitioners to seamlessly adapt and respond to ever-changing situations.

Banpenfugyō: Unpredictability in Action

In the world of Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu, Banpenfugyō stands as a guiding principle, urging martial artists to shed the constraints of predetermined techniques. Instead of meticulously planning one’s moves, practitioners are encouraged to embrace spontaneity and allow techniques to unfold naturally during combat.

The title of this essay, “Banpenfugyō,” perfectly encapsulates this concept, emphasizing the need to remain unfazed by the unpredictability of any situation.

“In the midst of battle, one must become one with the chaos, for only then can true mastery be achieved.”

– Miyamoto Musashi
Banpenfugyo Sannindori

Training in Henka: The Path to Adaptability

At the heart of Banpenfugyō lies the practice of Henka, where the martial artist evolves and adapts fundamental techniques, transforming them to suit the ever-changing demands of combat. 

This process not only hones physical skills but also sharpens cognitive flexibility. By constantly varying their responses to attacks, practitioners become more adaptable, capable of reacting effectively to unforeseen circumstances.

Cognitive Flexibility: The Mind’s Role

While physical prowess is crucial in martial arts, cognitive flexibility plays an equally vital role. Martial artists must cultivate the ability to think and adapt swiftly in high-pressure situations. 

The philosophy of Banpenfugyō, as practiced in Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu, instills this mental agility, enabling martial artists to respond intuitively and harmoniously with the flow of combat.

“Adaptability is the essence of victory. The rigid are easily broken.”

– Takeda Shingen
The Divine Power within Banpenfugyō

The Divine Power within Banpenfugyō

Banpenfugyō also teaches martial artists to acknowledge a divine, intuitive force at play. When techniques seem to emerge effortlessly, it’s not just luck but an understanding that something greater guides their actions. 

Surrendering to this force and allowing it to guide one’s movements can lead to remarkable outcomes.

Application Beyond Combat: Life’s Lessons

The teachings of Banpenfugyō extend far beyond the dojo. Martial artists who embrace this philosophy find themselves better equipped to navigate the challenges of everyday life. 

Decision-making becomes more fluid, problem-solving more intuitive, and stress more manageable.

“A warrior’s strength lies not only in technique but in the ability to harmonize with the unexpected.”

– Hattori Hanzo

Banpenfugyō in the Honbu Dojo

During a conversation with Nagato Sōke, the concept of the Mandela Effect (false memory) was raised. In response, he displayed the essence of Banpenfugyō, the martial arts philosophy of adaptability and cognitive flexibility. With a direct and impactful statement, he asserted, “You must know, Banpenfugyō!” 

This brief yet profound message emphasized the importance of understanding and adapting to life’s ever-changing and unpredictable nature. The ensuing laughter didn’t diminish the gravity of his message but rather highlighted the deep wisdom within it. 

Nagato Sōke’s response encapsulated the core of Banpenfugyō, encouraging martial artists to embrace the unknown, adapt intuitively, and recognize that true mastery involves harmonizing with the unpredictable, both in martial arts and in life.

Banpenfugyō in the Honbu Dojo

Banpenfugyō, rooted in the physical realm of combat, transcends into a philosophy for living.

Footnotes

  • 万変不驚 BANPENFUGYŌ (10,000 changes – no surprise): This term embodies the concept of adaptability in the face of myriad changes. It encourages martial artists to remain unfazed and intuitive in combat, allowing techniques to flow naturally. The painting above the mirror in our Dojo was painted by Hatsumi Sōke.
  • 変化 HENKA (Change): Henka refers to the practice of adapting and evolving fundamental techniques to respond effectively to varying combat scenarios.
  • The Mandela Effect is an observed phenomenon in which a large segment of the population misremembers a significant event or shares a memory of an event that did not actually occur.  I’m sure you will find many things you remembered wrong, look it up!

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Mastering Fudōshin: Cultivating Equanimity in the Face of Danger

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

In the world of martial arts, one concept stands out as the embodiment of inner strength and unwavering composure in the face of immediate danger: Mastering Fudōshin (不動心). This essay explores the Japanese concept of Fudōshin, delving into its significance for martial artists and the art of staying calm in perilous situations. Fear, often considered a negative emotion, is, in fact, a valuable ally that we must learn to control. This essay outlines the importance of fear, methods to prepare and train oneself to avoid freezing or panicking, and how achieving an equanimity state can lead to making life-saving decisions amid chaos.

The Essence of Mastering Fudōshin

Fudōshin, or “Immovable Mind,” is the cornerstone of martial arts philosophy. This concept has its roots in ancient Japan, where warriors, known as samurai, sought not only physical prowess but also mental fortitude. Fudōshin encapsulates the idea of maintaining inner peace and mental resilience, regardless of external circumstances. It is the ability to stay rooted, composed, and ready to act with precision and clarity even when faced with chaos and danger.

Fudō Myōō is found in Shingon Buddhism as a guardian deity, (and patron of martial arts) who is portrayed as carrying a sword in his right hand (to cut through delusions and ignorance) and a rope in his left (to bind “evil forces” and violent or uncontrolled passions and emotions). Despite a fearsome appearance, his attributes of benevolence and servitude to living beings are symbolized by a hairstyle associated with the servant class.

The Paradox of Fear

Fear, often seen as a hindrance, is, in reality, a primal instinct that has evolved to keep us safe. It is the body’s alarm system, triggering a surge of adrenaline and heightened awareness in response to perceived threats. Far from being a negative force, fear can be harnessed as a powerful ally when managed correctly. It heightens our senses, sharpens our focus, and prepares our bodies for action.

Embracing Fear: The First Step

To harness the power of fear, one must first acknowledge its presence. In the martial arts, fear is not denied or suppressed; instead, it is accepted as a natural and necessary response to danger. By recognizing fear, martial artists can begin to control it, preventing it from overwhelming their thoughts and actions.

“In the heat of battle, fear is a beacon that guides us towards survival and victory.”

– Miyamoto Musashi (1584-1645)

The Role of Training

Preparation and training are essential components of mastering Fudōshin. Through rigorous training and repetitive exposure to controlled stressors, martial artists learn to condition their bodies and minds to react calmly under pressure. This training involves not only physical techniques but also mental exercises that foster mental fortitude.

Avoiding the Freeze Response

One of the most detrimental reactions in high-stress situations is the freeze response. When faced with immediate danger, individuals may become paralyzed, unable to take action. Fudōshin training focuses on minimizing this reaction by instilling automatic responses and honing decision-making skills through continuous practice.

The Path to Equanimity

Equanimity is the foundation upon which Fudōshin thrives. It enables martial artists to make rational choices in critical moments, benefiting not only themselves but also those around them. Achieving equanimity requires cultivating mindfulness and mental resilience.

“Fear is not the enemy; it is the catalyst for our greatest feats of courage.”

– Tsukahara Bokuden (1489-1571)

Mindfulness and Self-awareness

Mindfulness, a key aspect of mastering Fudōshin, involves being fully present in the moment, acknowledging one’s emotions, and maintaining self-awareness. Through mindfulness practices, martial artists can observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment, allowing them to respond to stressors more effectively.

Mental Resilience

Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity and maintain composure under pressure. Martial artists develop mental resilience through meditation, visualization, and mental conditioning exercises. These practices help them build emotional strength and adaptability, crucial qualities in high-stress situations.

Preparing for the Unpredictable

In the chaos of a dangerous situation, preparation can make the difference between life and death. Martial artists recognize the importance of thorough preparation and train relentlessly to be ready for the unexpected. Here are some key aspects of preparation:

Physical Conditioning

Physical fitness is a fundamental component of preparation. Martial artists train their bodies to be strong, agile, and flexible, ensuring they have the physical capacity to respond effectively in danger.

Scenario-Based Training

Scenario-based training involves simulating real-life, high-stress situations. By repeatedly exposing themselves to these scenarios, martial artists develop the ability to remain calm and make quick, informed decisions.

Mental Rehearsal

Mental rehearsal, often referred to as “visualization,” is a technique where individuals mentally practice various scenarios. This helps them prepare mentally and emotionally for challenging situations.

Knowledge and Skill Acquisition

In addition to physical training, martial artists acquire knowledge and skills relevant to their discipline. Understanding the principles of combat, strategy, and self-defense is essential for making informed decisions in critical moments.

不動無悟 Fudō Mugo Mudra

不動無悟 “Fudō Mugo” is a sacred Mudra that encapsulates the ancient wisdom of Japanese warriors. With a simple yet profound gesture, they harmonized mind and body, finding instant serenity and unwavering focus in the face of stress. By clasping their hands together and uttering this phrase, these warriors invoked a powerful sense of calm and inner strength. This ritual not only harnessed fear as a source of clarity but also embodied the essence of Fudōshin, the “Immovable Mind.”

  • 不動 (Fudo): Translation: “Immovable” or “Unshakable”
    Etymology: 不 (Fu): This character means “not” or “un-,” indicating negation or the absence of something. 動 (Dō): This character means “move” or “motion.” It suggests action or change. Combined, 不動 (Fudo) represents something that cannot be moved or remains steadfast, which aligns with the concept of Fudōshin (不動心) discussed earlier.
  • 無悟 (Mugo): Translation: “Without Awareness” or “Unconscious”
    Etymology: 無 (Mu): This character means “without” or “lack of.” 悟 (Go): This character means “awareness” or “enlightenment.” Together, 無悟 (Mugo) signifies a state of being without conscious awareness or enlightenment, which is in line with the aim of calming the mind and emotions during moments of stress.

The Power of Equanimity in Decision-Making

Equanimity is the linchpin of effective decision-making in high-stress situations. It allows martial artists to evaluate their options objectively and choose the most appropriate course of action. Here’s how equanimity influences decision-making:

Clarity of Thought

Equanimity clears the mind of distractions and emotional turbulence. When fear is under control, martial artists can think with clarity, assessing the situation and determining the best response.

Adaptability

Equanimity fosters adaptability. In rapidly changing and chaotic environments, being able to adjust one’s tactics and strategies is crucial. Martial artists with equanimity can adapt on the fly, increasing their chances of success.

Confidence

Equanimity instills confidence. When martial artists trust in their ability to remain calm and make sound decisions, they approach dangerous situations with a sense of self-assuredness that can be a decisive advantage.

“To master Fudōshin is to become one with the storm, unwavering amidst its fury.”

– Yagyū Munenori (1571-1646)

Mastering Fudōshin Footnotes

  • 不動心 (Fudōshin): Literally “Immovable Mind.” 不 (fu) means “not,” 動 (dō) means “move,” and 心 (shin) means “mind” or “heart.”
  • 武道 (Budō): The term “Budō” translates to “Martial Way” or “Way of the Warrior” and encompasses various Japanese martial arts disciplines.
  • 武士道 (Bushidō): Bushidō, or “Way of the Warrior,” is a code of conduct and ethics followed by samurai, emphasizing virtues such as loyalty, honor, and self-discipline.
  • 恐怖 (Kyōfu): The Japanese term for “fear.” 恐 (kyō) means “fear,” and 怖 (fu) means “dread” or “terror.”
  • 冷静沈着 (Reisei chinchaku): This phrase translates to “calm and composed” and is a key aspect of achieving Fudōshin.

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Kūkan: Mastering Distance and Timing

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

Kūkan: Mastering Distance and Timing in Bujinkan Dōjō Budō-taijutsu. 空間 (Kūkan), meaning “space” or “dimension” in Japanese. Holds profound significance in the realm of Japanese martial arts. 

Understanding the correct distance and timing within combat is essential for martial artists to attain mastery in their craft. This essay explores the vital role of Kūkan and its implications for martial artists, emphasizing the importance of learning and applying the principles of distance and timing.

“If one’s heart is attached to anything, one will surely fall. On the battlefield, even if one’s head is cut off, he should be able to do battle for one more day. Such is the spirit of the samurai.” -Hagakure

Kūkan - Tired Warrior

The Essence of Kūkan in Martial Arts

Within the realm of martial arts, Kūkan encompasses the spatial relationship between opponents, emphasizing the significance of distance, timing, and spatial awareness.

  • Martial artists must develop a deep understanding of the dynamic Kūkan between themselves and their opponents.
  • Mastering Kūkan involves perceiving and controlling the available space to gain an advantageous position.

The Sanshin of Kūkan

Kūkan - Maai (Distancing)

Maai (間合い): The Art of Distance

  • Maai refers to the specific distance between opponents, considering both physical and psychological factors.
  • By grasping the optimal maai, martial artists can exploit vulnerabilities and create opportunities for attack or defense.
  • The mastery of maai enhances the martial artist’s ability to read their opponent’s movements and intentions.

Sensen no Sen (先鋒の先): Seizing the Initiative

  • Sensen no Sen emphasizes proactive action by taking the initiative in combat.
  • Through an acute understanding of Kūkan, martial artists can capitalize on timing and distance to launch preemptive strikes.
  • Seizing the initiative disrupts the opponent’s rhythm, enabling control over the flow of the battle.

Zanshin (残心): Unwavering Awareness

  • Zanshin denotes maintaining heightened awareness and presence throughout a martial encounter.
  • It involves being fully attuned to Kūkan during and after executing techniques.
  • Zanshin enables martial artists to anticipate and respond effectively to counterattacks or unexpected developments.

Integrating Kūkan into Martial Training

  • Martial artists must train diligently to develop a deep understanding of Kūkan.
  • Footwork, body positioning, and spatial awareness exercises are essential for honing the ability to control and utilize Kūkan.
  • Practicing kata (prearranged forms) helps internalize the principles of distance and timing in various combat scenarios.

“The Way of the warrior does not include other ways, such as Confucianism or Buddhism. The Way lays down strategy as it guides you. This is the true meaning of martial arts. The Way of the warrior embraces a kūkan where you must control the enemy’s strategy and create your own.” -Musashi

Kūkan - Musashi

Conclusion:

Mastering the correct distance and timing within combat is indispensable for martial artists, and the concept of Kūkan lies at the core of this pursuit. 

By understanding and applying the principles of Kūkan, martial artists gain a strategic advantage over their opponents, ensuring precise and effective execution of techniques. 

Embracing the essence of Kūkan empowers martial artists to navigate the intricacies of combat with grace, control, and unwavering awareness.

Miyamoto Musashi emphasized the significance of perceiving and controlling the spatial relationship between oneself and the opponent. He emphasized the importance of maintaining awareness of the opponent’s position, movements, and timing. And using that knowledge to exploit openings and gain a strategic advantage. 

Musashi’s teachings highlight the crucial role of Kūkan in martial arts and the importance of utilizing spatial awareness to achieve success in combat.

“The opportunity to secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.” -Sun Tzu

Kūkan - deep contemplation

Footnotes:

  • Kūkan (空間): The term Kūkan represents the concept of “space” or “dimension.” It encompasses the spatial relationship between objects or individuals.
  • Maai (間合い): Maai refers to the optimal distance between opponents in combat. It considers physical and psychological factors to gain an advantageous position.
  • Sensen no Sen (先鋒の先): Sensen no Sen emphasizes preemptive action in combat, seizing control of timing and distance to gain the initiative.
  • Zanshin (残心): Zanshin signifies maintaining heightened awareness and presence before, during, and after executing techniques, ensuring readiness for any potential
Takamatsu on the right is teaching Hatsumi Kuji

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Shu Ha Ri: Lifelong Learning in Martial Arts

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

The Japanese concept of Shu Ha Ri: Lifelong Learning in Martial Arts serves as a guiding principle for martial artists. Emphasizing lifelong learning through active engagement, spaced repetition, feedback, self-explanation, and personalization. 

While the traditional timeline in Bujinkan Dojo suggests progressing through Shu, Ha, and Ri over several decades. It is crucial to continuously revisit and reinforce the fundamentals, even after years of training.

Shu (守): Embracing the Fundamentals at Every Stage

In the Shu stage, martial artists focus on mastering the fundamental techniques.

Shu (守): Embracing the Fundamentals at Every Stage

Active engagement: Engage in regular practice sessions, regardless of rank or experience.

Spaced repetition: Continuously repeat techniques to reinforce muscle memory and refine execution.

Feedback: Seek guidance and feedback from experienced instructors to correct and improve skills.

Self-explanation: Reflect on individual performance, understanding the underlying principles.

“Mastering the fundamentals is the foundation of true mastery. Embrace the level of Shu with utmost dedication and discipline. Train diligently, honing your techniques and understanding the essence of each movement. Remember, the path to greatness starts with a solid grasp of the basics.“ -Miyamoto Musashi AI

Ha (破): Breaking Free from Tradition, Evolving Continuously

After passing the 5th Dan test in Bujinkan Dojo, martial artists become Shidōshi and continue at the Ha level.

Active engagement: Embrace experimentation, exploring variations and adaptations in techniques.

Spaced repetition: Continuously refine and polish techniques to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

Feedback: Receive constructive criticism to refine skills and adapt to different combat scenarios.

Self-explanation: Analyze the rationale behind techniques, adjusting according to individual needs.

“The stage of Ha marks a crucial turning point in your journey. Now, it is time to break free from the confines of tradition and explore your own unique path. Embrace the spirit of innovation and adaptation, refining your techniques and integrating personal insights. Continuously challenge yourself, for it is through exploration that true mastery emerges.” -Miyamoto Musashi AI

Ri (離): Reaching the State of Transcendence, Even After Years of Training

After passing the 10th Dan level in Bujinkan Dojo, martial artists embark on the Ri level.

Active engagement: Innovate and create new techniques, incorporating deep understanding and experience.

Spaced repetition: Integrate techniques seamlessly into fluid and instinctual movements.

Feedback: Become a source of guidance and mentorship, providing feedback to others while seeking continuous improvement.

Self-explanation: Articulate the principles and philosophy underlying their martial arts practice.

“At the level of Ri, you have transcended the boundaries of technique. Mastery lies not only in physical prowess but in the depth of your understanding. Fuse your body, mind, and spirit into a harmonious whole. Embrace the art beyond the art, where each movement becomes a manifestation of your inner self. Seek simplicity, clarity, and an unwavering connection to the present moment.” -Miyamoto Musashi AI

Shu Ha Ri and Jo-Ha-Kyū: Concepts of Progression in Japanese Arts

The Japanese concepts of Shu Ha Ri: Lifelong Learning and Jo-Ha-Kyū are significant in traditional arts. Jo-Ha-Kyū, meaning “beginning, break, rapid,” guides movement. It starts slowly, accelerates, and concludes swiftly.

Applied in various disciplines like tea ceremonies, martial arts, and theater, Jo-Ha-Kyū was analyzed by Zeami. Shu Ha Ri and Jo-Ha-Kyū offer insights into progressive training, emphasizing skill development and dynamic shifts.

Regardless of rank, martial artists should revisit fundamentals, incorporating active engagement and personalization. This lifelong learning journey leads to mastery, transcending tradition’s boundaries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Japanese concepts of Shu Ha Ri and Jo-Ha-Kyū offer profound insights into the world of martial arts and traditional Japanese arts as a whole. These principles highlight the importance of progression, continuous learning, and the mastery of skills.

Shu Ha Ri emphasizes the significance of actively engaging with the fundamentals, seeking feedback, and personalizing one’s practice. It reminds martial artists that the journey towards mastery requires a strong foundation and a commitment to lifelong learning. By revisiting and reinforcing the basics, practitioners can deepen their understanding and refine their techniques, regardless of their rank or years of training.

Jo-Ha-Kyū, on the other hand, provides a framework for the modulation and movement found in various art forms. Starting slowly, building momentum, and culminating swiftly, this principle captures the essence of dynamic expression and growth. It serves as a reminder that progress is not linear but marked by shifts and crescendos, mirroring the rhythm and evolution of a martial artist’s journey towards mastery.

By embracing both Shu Ha Ri and Jo-Ha-Kyū, martial artists gain a comprehensive understanding of their training. They develop a deep appreciation for the deliberate and gradual development of skills, while also embracing the dynamic nature of their art. These concepts encourage continuous growth, adaptability, and the pursuit of excellence.

Ultimately, the Japanese martial arts path is one of self-discovery, discipline, and personal transformation. Through active engagement, spaced repetition, feedback, self-explanation, and personalization, martial artists embark on a lifelong quest for mastery. By incorporating these principles into their practice, they transcend the boundaries of tradition, reach new heights of skill and understanding, and become true exemplars of the martial arts spirit.

Footnotes:

  1. Shu (守): Derived from the kanji 宀 (roof) and 寸 (measurement), it represents the idea of preserving the measured principles.
  2. Ha (破): Comprised of the kanji 石 (stone) and 贝 (shell), it signifies breaking free from the rigid shell of tradition.
  3. Ri (離): Composed of the kanji 隹 (bird) and 里 (village), it implies soaring beyond the boundaries of the village, symbolizing transcendence and liberation.

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Ten-Chi-Jin: A Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophies

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

The Japanese concept of Ten–Chi–Jin is a fundamental principle in martial arts that represents the interconnectedness of heaven, earth, and man. In this article, we will explore the origins of Ten, Chi, Jin in Hinduism and its comparison with Western philosophies like the Christian trinity.

Ten-Chi-Jin: Origins and Meaning

Ten, Chi, Jin is a concept that originated in Japan but has its roots in Hinduism. In Hinduism, the Trimurti represents the three aspects of the divine: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer). Similarly, Ten, Chi, Jin represents the three dimensions of existence: 天 Ten (heaven), 地 Chi (earth), and 人 Jin (man).

Ten represents the divine or spiritual realm, while Chi represents the physical or material world. Jin represents humanity and the connection between the spiritual and physical realms. The concept of Ten, Chi, Jin emphasizes the interdependence and harmony between these three aspects of existence.

Ten-Chi-Jin and Western Philosophies

While Ten, Chi, Jin has its roots in Hinduism, there are similarities between this concept and Western philosophies like the Christian trinity. The Christian trinity represents the belief in one God in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Similarly, Ten, Chi, Jin recognizes the interconnectedness of three distinct entities. In both concepts, there is an emphasis on the importance of the balance and harmony between these entities.

However, there are also differences between these concepts. The Christian trinity emphasizes the unity of the three persons, while Ten, Chi, Jin recognizes the individuality of each element.

Ten-Chi-Jin

Ten-Chi-Jin in Martial Arts

In martial arts, the concept of Ten, Chi, Jin is fundamental. Martial artists use this principle to understand the interconnectedness between their physical techniques, their mental focus, and their spiritual development.

For example, a punch can be seen as a manifestation of Jin, as it is a physical expression of the power that comes from both heaven (Ten) and earth (Chi). By understanding this concept, martial artists can learn to balance their physical techniques with their mental and spiritual development, leading to a more holistic approach to their practice.

The Importance of Balance and Harmony

One of the key aspects of Ten, Chi, Jin is the emphasis on balance and harmony. Martial artists who understand this concept can learn to balance their physical techniques with their mental and spiritual development. By doing so, they can become more effective practitioners, not just in their physical techniques but also in their overall approach to martial arts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Ten, Chi, Jin is a fundamental concept in Japanese martial arts that represents the interconnectedness of heaven, earth, and man. While it has its roots in Hinduism, there are similarities between this concept and Western philosophies like the Christian trinity. By understanding this concept, martial artists can learn to balance their physical techniques with their mental and spiritual development, leading to a more holistic approach to their practice. The key to success in martial arts lies in achieving balance and harmony between these three aspects of existence.

Yudansha – Bujinkan Black Belt Guide

Discover the essential techniques of Bujinkan Dojo with Mats Hjelm’s “Yudansha.” This comprehensive manual is based on the Japanese concept of Ten, Chi, Jin, providing a practical and holistic approach to mastering this ancient martial art.

With detailed descriptions and accompanying photographs, “Yudansha” offers a step-by-step guide to striking, throwing, grappling, and weapons techniques. But it’s more than just a technique manual – it’s a guide to personal growth and spiritual development.

By applying the Ten, Chi, Jin principle to your training, you’ll not only become a more skilled martial artist but also a more balanced and harmonious person. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced practitioner, “Yudansha” is an essential addition to your library. Order your copy today and take the first step on your journey to mastery.

Yudansha Book by Mats Hjelm

The YUDANSHA Book by Mats Hjelm is available in different formats at Lulu.com.

The post Ten-Chi-Jin: A Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophies appeared first on 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu.…

Martial Arts and the Neuroscience of Free Will

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Toryu

Introduction

I will try to explain Japanese martial arts and the Neuroscience of Free Will in this article. The three approaches of Go no sen, sen no sen, and sen sen no sen have been used for centuries to develop effective strategies for both offensive and defensive manoeuvres.

However, the scientific study of human behaviour has challenged our traditional understanding of free will and decision-making, calling into question how much control we have over our actions. In recent years, advances in neuroscience have shed new light on the nature of free will and how these martial arts concepts may relate to it.

The Three Timings in Japanese Martial Arts

Let’s start with the three timings.

後の先 Go no sen is a reactive strategy, where the practitioner waits for the opponent to initiate the attack before countering.

先の先 Sen no sen is a more proactive approach, where the practitioner responds to the opponent’s attack as it is happening.

先先の先 Sen sen no sen is the most proactive strategy, where the practitioner initiates the attack before the opponent has a chance to act.

All three of these strategies require different levels of skill, awareness, and timing. The choice of strategy can depend on a variety of factors, such as the practitioner’s level of experience, the nature of the opponent’s attack, and the context of the situation.

Bereitschaftspotential: Martial Arts and the Neuroscience of Free Will

Neuroscience and Free Will

The question of free will has been a topic of debate among philosophers and scientists for centuries. According to traditional views, we have the ability to make decisions freely, without being determined by outside forces. However, recent research in neuroscience has suggested that our decisions may not be as freely made as we previously thought.

One of the key findings in this field is the Bereitschaftspotential, a phenomenon discovered by Hans Helmut Kornhuber and Lüder Deecke in the 1960s. This term refers to the readiness potential that occurs in the brain before a voluntary movement is made. In other words. The brain shows activity related to a movement before the person is aware of having made a decision to move.

The Relationship Between the Three Timings and Free Will

The concepts of free will and neuroscience may have a relationship with the three timings in Japanese martial arts. One possibility is that the timing choice reflects a decision-making process in the brain. For instance, the decision to use a reactive strategy like go no sen may involve a different neural process than the decision to use a proactive strategy like sen sen no sen. These distinct neural processes might be reflected in the Bereitschaftspotential or other neural signals associated with decision-making.

Another possibility is that the martial arts concepts of timing are not related to free will in the traditional sense. Instead, they reflect a different kind of agency or control over one’s actions. For example, a skilled practitioner using all three timings might respond to an attack in a manner not predetermined by unconscious processes in the brain. They could instead choose a timing that is best for the situation, based on their training and experience.

Personal Experiences

We have all witnessed Hatsumi Soke’s ability to move swiftly when attacked. Without an understanding of the Bereitschaftspotential as described earlier, it may appear as though the opponent is assisting him. Personally, I have also experienced similar situations with Hatsumi Soke and others, wherein I had already made the decision to attack but the person I intended to attack had already begun moving. At that point, it was too late for me to change my plans.

On one occasion, Noguchi Sensei stopped my movement three times in a row by ‘flinching’ at the exact moment when I made the decision to attack. I couldn’t help but stop and freeze in my tracks. He laughed at my frustration, and that was a very valuable lesson.

Conclusion

To conclude, the three timings in Japanese martial arts and the neuroscience of free will are both captivating subjects that offer a glimpse into the human behaviour. Though the relationship between them remains incompletely comprehended, further exploration may help elucidate how our actions are determined and how we can cultivate effective decision-making strategies in various situations.

The post Martial Arts and the Neuroscience of Free Will appeared first on 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu.…

Ninja: Unmasking the Myth By Stephen Turnbull

From Blog – Bujinkan Kokusai Renkoumyo 武神館國際連光明道場 by Toryu

Yes, I have read Turnbull and know his version but I have spent 15 years by Soke’s side hearing the wisdom that our art has brought us.

It reverberates deeply. It is not academic.

We are not looking to prove a direct lineage. At least I am not.

I am trying to explore the origin story of the Toda family’s art. I don’t care how old it really is. If the art was created in the Edo period by a bunch of Onmitsu and Oniwaban agents, then so be it.

To me, it is like the Masons picking up where the Templars left off. The Toda family were no doubt Takasho which have a strong connection to the Onmitsu and Oniwaban. I have continuously found records that prove the Toda family have worked as Torimi/Onmitsu agents and can prove that they came from the Iga-Shu sharpshooters.

The evidence is mounting high very quickly. It is just a matter of putting a label on it. Toda Sensei felt it should be called Togakure Ryu. Maybe it is just a remnant of the Iga Ryu giving credit to the story of Togakushi. Whatever, I am just interested in the ride through history that this origin story has provided us because without it I never would have had this personal adventure of discovery and excitement.

Seriously, every day I find more and more than just line up with Takamatsu’s story. I think we are just still stuck on what we do and do not call ninja and ninjutsu.

And I for one still prefer my Japanese resources. As great as a researcher as he is, I do not think he is the one to draw the line as to what is and what is not the truth about a very secretive Japanese art.

Sean Askew
Bujinkan Kokusai Renkoumyo
9/7/2018…

Togakure Ryu and Kukishin Ryu deeper

From Blog – Bujinkan Kokusai Renkoumyo 武神館國際連光明道場 by Toryu

Is the link between the Togakure Ryu and Kukishin Ryu deeper than we thought???

In the middle ages, there was a very serious samurai practice to take written vows when undertaking the study of a military science, especially when the pupil is from outside of the family.

In the case of the Kukishin Ryu, the Kuki family to this day still preserves a document from 1532 CE that has been continuously added to until modern times. The document is the 2nd scroll in a set of two titled “Seiyakusho” (誓約書). It is a written oath that pupils sign upon formally entering the school or “Ryu”. It is a promise to uphold the true meaning and spirit of the martial arts (military arts) and that one promises to cultivate a great sense of justice. The signature is traditionally accompanied by a thumbprint in blood, vowing they will never reveal what they have been taught to others without the master’s permission.

In the book Kukishinden Zensho by Ago Kiyotaka in 1983 he writes that he could hold in his own hands and examine this original 1532 CE document carefully. He notes that the more recent portion of the document leading up to the modern times was re-written by Kuki Takaharu in 1904.

This list is a veritable all-star list of Japanese military commanders and master swordsmen. Including Yamamoto Kansuke (Red Star on pic), known to have studied Togakure Ryu ninjutsu from Fujibayashi Nagato no Kami. The list also includes Sanada Masayuki (Green Star), the father of Sanada Yukimura. Both men are recorded as hiring local shugenja from the Togakure and Iizuna regions as shinobi and “Kamari” commandos in their forces.

Takamatsu Toshitsugu (Yellow star), our current Soke’s master also signed this list in 1899, vowing his allegiance to the emperor and the nation and to protect the teachings of the Kukishin Ryu. His “Kohai” or junior training partner Iwami Nangaku signed the list in 1922.

As Kuki Takahiro (隆博) died in WWII he was the last signature on the list as the Kuki family has taken vows of peace and no longer are involved in the martial arts. They now run several successful businesses and corporations all over the country and still administrate the Kumano Grand Shrine.

The original document list begins in 1532 with the vows and signatures/stamps of;

Kuki Yagoro, 1532 CE

Yamamoto Kansuke, 1534 CE

Kuki Moritaka, 1573 CE

Kuki Yoshitaka, 1574 CE (Formed the Kuki Navy from various bands of pirates from the Shima region)

1 name omitted

Sanada Masayuki, 1577 CE (Father of the famous Sanada Yukimura who used Shinobi from Togakure)

Bessho Nagaharu, 1576 CE

2 names omitted

Itō Ittōsai, 1573 CE (Famous master swordsman, 2nd to only Miyamoto Musashi, 33 matches, no losses)

Kuki Shigetaka, 1576 CE (Son of Kuki Yoshitaka)

Kuki Takasue, 1597 CE (Son of Kuki Moritaka)

Miyamoto Musashi (Black star), 1494 CE (Here we have an enigma, the date is exactly 100 years too early but it is for the famous swordsman, the Kuki family claims that it is the same Miyamoto Musashi who wrote the book of 5 Rings and fought over 60 duels with only one loss, I think the date may be a typo and should read 1594 putting Musashi at around 10 years old, the normal age of taking these vows)

Chōsokabe Motochika, 1595 (Daimyo of the Chōsokabe Clan)

Takagi Oriemon (Blue star), 1616 CE (Founder of the Takagi Yoshin Ryu)

Kuki Takayuki, 1648 CE (Daimyo of the Tanba Ayabe Domain)

1 name omitted

Kuki Takanao, 1662 CE (3rd Daimyo of the Tanba Ayabe Domain, brought Kito Ryu into the Kuki family)

Kuki Takahide, 1683 CE (Son of Kuki Takanao)

Shibukawa Bangoro, 1625 CE (Founder of Shibukawa Ryu Jujutsu)

Kimura Ittosai, 1649 CE (no information on him at this time)

Kuki Takashin, 1712 CE (Founder of the Shima branch of the Kuki family)

Kuki Taka??, 1743 CE (no information at this time)

Kuki Takanori, 1773 CE (8th Daimyo Lord of the Tanba Ayabe Domain)

3 names omitted

Ishitani Matsutaro, 1868 CE (Takamatsu Sensei’s 2nd master)

Takamatsu Toshitsugu, 1899 CE (Hatsumi Sensei’s master)

Iwami Nangaku, 1921 CE (Takamatsu Sensei’s Kohai under Ishitani Sensei)

9 names omitted

Shiozaki Katsuo, 1923 CE (Student of Iwami Nangaku)

Essay by Sean Askew
Bujinkan Kokusai Renkoumyo
9/6/2018

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Bo Munthe, 70 years

photo-1Bo Munthe was the pioneer who brought Bujinkan to Sweden and Europe in. In 1975 Ischizuka Sensei came over for two weeks and introduced Bo to Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu (then simply Ninjutsu), shortly after he went over to Japan and met Hatsumi Soke for the first time. If it wasn’t for him, who knows when someone else would have brought the art to Europe. He recently had his 70’th birthday. Hooray!

Click on over to Svenska Bujinkanförbundet’s web site and write him a few words.…