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Takagi Oriemon Shigenobu—a revered samurai of the Shiraishi domain during the Edo period and the co-founder of Takagiyōshin-ryū with his son—is immortalized through a fascinating series of manuscripts. These works, collectively referred to as Budō Shiraishi Ei (“Martial Tales of Shiraishi”), document his Musha Shugyō (warrior’s pilgrimage) and reveal an intricate web of historical, cultural, and martial growth. This article explores the development and variations of these manuscripts, uncovering how Takagi’s legacy, including the founding of Takagiyōshin-ryū, was shaped over centuries.

Overview of Budō Shiraishi Ei and Takagi Oriemon

The core narrative of Budō Shiraishi Ei revolves around Takagi’s adventures as he journeyed across Japan, honing his skills and imparting lessons. Initially penned by Mamiya Hyoemon—a retainer of the Katakura family who served as the lords of Shiraishi Castle—the manuscripts underwent numerous reproductions and expansions. Early texts focus on Takagi’s personal strength and moral character, while later versions elaborate on his philosophical teachings and broader socio-cultural themes. Takagi’s martial philosophy ultimately culminated in the founding of Takagiyōshin-ryū alongside his son, ensuring the continuity of his techniques and teachings.

Key Manuscript Variants of Budō Shiraishi Ei

Researchers have identified multiple manuscript versions, divided into two main categories: existing texts (kijutsu-bon) and newly discovered texts (shinshutsu-bon). The most notable versions include:

1. The Katakura Family Manuscript

Title: Budō Shiraishi Banashi
Format: 10 scrolls in 5 volumes
Key Features: The foundational text focusing on Takagi’s deeds as recounted by Mamiya Hyoemon.
Significance: Served as the basis for subsequent reproductions.

2. Ryukoku University Library Manuscript

Format: Single-volume edition
Copyist: Mizuno Katsuhide (associated with the Moonlight Pavilion)
Classification: Known as the “Hei Version” (Hei-bon).
Details: Features stylistic enhancements with minimal content variation.

3. Miyagi Prefectural Library Edition

Format: 15 scrolls in 3 volumes
Classification: “Otsu Version” (Otsu-bon).
Traits: Retains close fidelity to the Katakura family manuscript, with slight editorial refinements.

4. Newly Discovered Texts (Shinshutsu-bon)

These include significant additions to the original narrative, incorporating extensive character arcs and thematic developments:

Waseda University Manuscript: Features 30 volumes with front and back sections.
National Diet Library Version: Expanded to 45 scrolls, spanning three sections.
Sakata Mitsuo Library Manuscript: Comprises 50 scrolls and introduces supplemental material.

Themes and Content Evolution in Budō Shiraishi Ei

Takagi Oriemon Heroic Strength and Moral Integrity

The earliest versions of Budō Shiraishi Ei emphasize Takagi’s extraordinary physical prowess and his role as a compassionate leader. Stories such as lifting massive stones and assisting troubled villagers resonate with themes of chivalry and self-restraint.

Transmission of Samurai Values and the Roots of Takagiyōshin-ryū

Later texts delve into Takagi’s philosophical insights, including the teachings he passed down to his successors, such as the principle of humility embodied in the phrase “Takagi wa kaze ni taoru” (“The Takagi falls to the wind”). These teachings laid the foundation for Takagiyōshin-ryū, a martial art that emphasized adaptability, resilience, and moral discipline.

New Characters and Expanded Narratives

The shinshutsu-bon editions introduce dynamic subplots involving Takagi’s apprentices, like Toramatsu. These texts elevate his journey into a broader allegory for perseverance and the transmission of samurai ethics.

Research Insights into Budō Shiraishi Ei Manuscripts

Recent studies, such as those by Ogihara Daichi, provide a comparative framework for understanding the development of these manuscripts. While the kijutsu-bon editions prioritize historical fidelity, the shinshutsu-bon versions reflect the Edo period’s evolving literary tastes, incorporating dramatic embellishments to cater to a wider audience.

Conclusion: The Legacy of Takagi Oriemon and Takagiyōshin-ryū

The enduring appeal of Budō Shiraishi Ei lies in its dual identity: a historical record and a literary masterpiece. From the Katakura family’s archives to the expansive adaptations of the shinshutsu-bon, these manuscripts offer a window into the life of Takagi Oriemon Shigenobu and the cultural zeitgeist of Edo-period Japan. Moreover, the founding of Takagiyōshin-ryū alongside his son ensured that Takagi’s martial legacy would thrive for generations.

By tracing the evolution of these texts, we not only preserve the legacy of a remarkable samurai but also enrich our understanding of Japanese martial history and storytelling traditions.

Explore the fascinating history of Takagi Oriemon Shigenobu and the origins of Takagiyōshin-ryū by delving into the archives of Budō Shiraishi Ei. Each manuscript version provides a unique lens on this iconic figure’s life and the spirit of the times.

Eric Shahan’s translation is noted for its clarity and dedication to preserving the original intent of the manuscript. Readers appreciate the detailed explanations and the cultural context provided, which make the historical content accessible to modern audiences. The memoir offers valuable perspectives for martial artists, historians, and enthusiasts of Japanese culture, shedding light on traditional practices and the evolution of martial arts in Japan.

Overall, the book serves as a significant resource for those interested in the depth and history of Japanese martial traditions.

The post 高木折右衛門物実録 Legacy of Takagi Oriemon: Budō Shiraishi Ei Manuscripts and Takagiyōshin-ryū appeared first on 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu.…

The Holland Taikai 1996: A Historic Bujinkan Seminar

Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"November 27, 2024

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"

In May 1996, the serene coastal town of Noordwijkerhout in the Netherlands became the epicenter of a martial arts milestone: the Holland Taikai 1996. Over three days, martial artists from across the globe gathered to train under the legendary Masaaki Hatsumi, the 34th Sōke of the Togakure-ryū and founder of the Bujinkan organization. Organized by Mariette van der Vliet, the seminar’s theme was Kukishin-ryū Kenjutsu, the art of the sword. This event was not just about techniques—it was a celebration of adaptability, survival, and the spirit of Budō.

Setting the Stage: A Journey to Mastery

The preparation for the Holland Taikai 1996 began long before Hatsumi Sensei arrived in the Netherlands. His teaching philosophy for the year centered on Kukishin Biken Jutsu, an intricate and profound swordsmanship tradition. In April 1996, a few weeks prior to the Taikai, Hatsumi Sensei conducted an impromptu outdoor training session in Noda, Japan. He called on a select group of students, including Arnaud Cousergue, to train in the dirt outside his home.

During this session, Hatsumi Sensei emphasized the essence of Nuki Gatana (sword drawing) and the principle that form should never restrict function. He famously said:

“When things get real, do whatever you have to stay alive. Ninpō is only about surviving. Form doesn’t matter. Everything is possible.”

This philosophy would become a cornerstone of the teachings during the Holland Taikai.

The Holland Taikai: A Three-Day Immersion

From May 16 to 18, 1996, Noordwijkerhout witnessed an influx of martial artists eager to learn. Hatsumi Sensei’s sessions were renowned not only for their technical depth but also for the atmosphere of camaraderie and discovery they fostered.

Day One: The Sword’s Edge

The seminar began with a focus on the foundational techniques of Kukishin-ryū Kenjutsu. Participants practiced precise Nuki Gatana movements, emphasizing timing, positioning, and adaptability. Hatsumi Sensei encouraged students to transcend rigid forms and embrace creative application.

He explained:

“Respecting the Waza as a beginner is mandatory. But as you grow, rules are made to be broken. Adjust, adapt, and survive.”

Day Two: The Dimensions of Training

Building on the first day’s principles, Hatsumi Sensei introduced the concept of three dimensions in Budō training:

Nijigen no Sekai (Two-dimensional world): Techniques practiced in a linear or planar fashion.
Sanjigen no Sekai (Three-dimensional world): Expanding movements to include lateral shifts and spatial awareness.
Yūgen no Sekai (Invisible dimension): The psychological and intuitive aspects of combat, where movements transcend physical limitations.

Through these teachings, students began to see Kukishin Biken Jutsu as more than a martial art—it was a system of infinite possibilities.

Day Three: The Invisible Path

The final day highlighted the philosophical aspects of Budō. Hatsumi Sensei shared insights into Tama, the sphere, a central concept in Japanese martial arts representing the integration of all dimensions into a cohesive whole.

Participants left with a deeper understanding that martial arts are not confined to physical techniques but are a lifelong pursuit of balance and adaptability.

Cultural Immersion and Reflection

Hatsumi Sensei’s visit to the Netherlands extended beyond the dojo. His observations during the trip added a unique cultural dimension to the event. He reflected on the country’s maritime history, symbolized by the “Tower of Tears,” where sailors’ loved ones bid them farewell. He also remarked on the Dutch people’s prowess in sports like judo and cycling, noting the nation’s emphasis on leg strength and endurance.

In an article written after the event, Hatsumi Sensei shared:

“The Netherlands is a country of Judo, isn’t it? There is a wonderful Judoka, Mr. Heesing, who speaks passionately about Judo. The mystery of Judo lies in how a smaller person can overcome a larger one—a concept deeply rooted in respect and essence.”

Key Takeaways from the Holland Taikai

Adaptability is Survival
Hatsumi Sensei’s teachings emphasized that martial arts are not rigid but fluid. In real-life scenarios, survival depends on one’s ability to adapt and innovate beyond traditional forms.
Understanding Dimensions in Training
The progression from two-dimensional to invisible dimensions in Kukishin-ryū Kenjutsu underlined the importance of mastering fundamentals before exploring creative freedom.
Cultural Exchange
The Taikai was not only a martial arts seminar but also a bridge between Japanese and Dutch cultures, enriching participants’ perspectives on life and combat.

A Legacy That Lives On

The Holland Taikai 1996 remains a pivotal moment in the history of the Bujinkan. It demonstrated the universal appeal of Budō and its ability to transcend cultural and geographical boundaries. Hatsumi Sensei’s teachings during the seminar continue to inspire martial artists to this day, reminding them that:

“Everything is always possible.”

This philosophy, rooted in the principles of survival and adaptability, is as relevant now as it was during the Taikai.

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Put Your Heart and Soul into Consistent Martial Training

Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"November 11, 2024

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"

My master often spoke of his teacher’s belief in the importance of consistent martial training. He shared stories of his teacher’s journey, how he devoted himself to a level of practice that went beyond physical skill to shape his spirit and mind. Much like traditional Kabuki actors who sustain their roles off-stage, his master insisted that training be an integral, daily practice. As martial artists, my master’s teacher would say, we must embrace Bufu Ikkan, or “consistent warrior living.” This was his core lesson: never give up. Keep going.

Early Years: Devotion Beyond Normal Limits

In his early days of training, my teacher was determined to achieve greatness. He threw himself into physical practice three times harder than other students. He put in three times the mental focus and invested three times the resources to gain the wisdom he needed. Through this intense devotion, he became very strong.

But as he grew in strength, he felt a strange weakness arise. This new vulnerability troubled him deeply, and despite his efforts, he couldn’t identify its cause. Yet, he trusted his training and continued, confident that the martial tradition itself would bring clarity.

“The way of the warrior is the resolute acceptance of death.” — Miyamoto Musashi

The Challenge of Illness: A Test of True Strength

One day, my master faced a powerful enemy—illness. It left him weak, even struggling to stand. At times, he couldn’t see. For five years, he endured this trial, and the demands of his illness made him feel that giving up might be easier than living. It was here that he discovered his past strength had been an illusion. His power depended on his health; as his health declined, so did his strength.

True strength, he learned, must go beyond physical condition. Strength that fades in hardship is merely temporary. So, even in his weakened state, he continued training however he could. Slowly, he began to regain his health.

“One must polish one’s heart daily, like a sword.” — Yagyū Munenori

Adapting Training to Life’s Changes

Looking back, he realized that consistent martial training had carried him through his years of illness. He had adapted his training to fit his limited energy and discovered that training must evolve with life’s stages. He learned that young warriors train intensely, while older ones need a more focused approach. Even illness has its own form of training, and facing death is the final training of a warrior.

True strength, my master would say, comes from matching our training to our current reality. Training adapted to life stages becomes a source of lasting, resilient strength.

“The wise warrior avoids the battle; when he must fight, he fights only to win.” — Tsunetomo Yamamoto

Rethinking Strength

After years of illness, my master understood that true power goes beyond the physical. It doesn’t depend on speed or brute force. Instead, he came to value “natural and fitting technique”—a strength that flows with nature and conditions, not against them. In doing so, he found a higher, adaptive strength beyond what traditional martial arts schools might teach.

Pushing Through Difficult Periods

My teacher knew martial artists often face times when techniques seem impossible, and training becomes frustrating. He taught that these periods of struggle are crucial. Like a snake shedding its skin, we too must experience discomfort to grow. This “molting period,” as he called it, can tempt martial artists to look elsewhere for easier techniques. Yet, he advised against these distractions, saying they’re a temporary escape, not a solution.

However, he also cautioned that not everyone is suited to master every art. Sometimes, a goal may simply not fit, and one may need to reevaluate their path. But for those who feel a true calling, consistent martial training will provide growth beyond these challenging phases.

The Power of Sincere Commitment

My master always taught that true training requires a pure, sincere heart, not just an accumulation of techniques. Training without self-awareness produces only a scholar, a “walking catalog of techniques” without heart. Only those who commit deeply and consistently will discover the true essence of martial arts and gain the lasting strength that lies beyond technique.

Footnotes:

Bufu Ikkan (武風一貫) – A phrase meaning “consistent warrior living.” Bufu refers to “martial wind” or warrior spirit, while Ikkan means “one path” or consistency.
Kabuki (歌舞伎) – A classical Japanese dance-drama where male actors take all roles, embodying their characters on and off the stage.
Shudan (修鍛) – Represents lifelong training, blending 修 (discipline or cultivation) and 鍛 (forging or tempering).
Netsu (熱) – Meaning “heat” or “passion,” representing one’s enthusiasm and fervor in training.
Nekki (熱気) – A combination of “heat” (netsu) and “spirit” (ki), symbolizing energetic presence and intensity in practice.

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Passion as the Source of Training Motivation

Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"November 4, 2024

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"

In martial arts, passion as the Source of Training Motivation. This “heat of passion” transforms training from a mechanical repetition of techniques into a journey toward mastery. Without this energy, your training can stagnate, failing to reach the true essence of the art. Just as iron loses its potential when it cools before being fully forged, a martial artist loses purpose without the fire of passion.

Heat and Spirit in the Training

In Japanese, “heat” (netsu) connects to numerous words that reflect the intensity required to master any art form. Nesshin (熱心) represents “enthusiasm” or “spirit fueled by heat”; nekkyo (熱狂) signifies “excitement”; and netsuretsu (熱烈) translates as “passionate.” These words reveal how essential fiery intensity is when shaping or transforming anything, including a martial artist. Each training session becomes an opportunity to cultivate this heat, constantly working on weaknesses and enhancing strengths. The cycle of passion and perseverance propels personal growth.

“The path is simple; it is the heart that makes it difficult.” — Anonymous samurai proverb.

Mastery Through Passion: Attaining the Gokui

Martial arts contain a concept known as the Gokui (極意), which translates as “mastering the secrets.” These secrets are often found in ancient scrolls, written in language that obscures their meaning to prevent uninitiated readers from accessing them. They may seem simple, but understanding how to apply these teachings requires time and experience. For example, the formula for calculating a circle’s circumference (C = πD) seems straightforward, yet immense effort and insight were needed to discover it. Similarly, in martial arts, knowing techniques or kata alone isn’t enough. The secrets lie in how these insights connect and transform practice into understanding.

“The man who has attained mastery does not hold on to fixed forms.” — Takuan Sōhō.

Levels of Mastery in Martial Lineages

In authentic martial traditions, growth continues beyond any predefined endpoint. My teachers teacher, Toshitsugu Takamatsu, imparted four levels of mastery: Shoden (初伝), “beginning transmission”; Chuden (中伝), “middle transmission”; Okuden (奥伝), “inner transmission”; and finally Kaiden (皆伝), or “total transmission.” These levels guide students from basic skill to complete understanding of the lineage’s training method. From there, the practitioner must pursue personal mastery.

Each level serves as a foundation for deeper insights and techniques, yet mastery remains an ongoing journey.

“Mastery is not a goal but a journey, a path never fully traveled.” — Yagyū Munenori.

Training Without Limit: Beyond Techniques

People often ask how many techniques a martial artist knows, as if mastery were a checklist. But in living martial traditions, it’s not the number of techniques that matters—it’s how passion guides you to apply and internalize them. 武風一貫 Bufu Ikkan, or consistent and earnest training, surpasses the memorization of techniques alone. Memorization doesn’t lead to mastery; only a deep-rooted passion can transform knowledge into skill and skill into enlightenment.

Footnotes

Netsu (熱) – Kanji for “heat,” representing the essential force behind enthusiasm, ardor, and passion.
Nesshin (熱心) – Combination of netsu (熱, heat) and shin (心, spirit or heart), meaning “enthusiasm.”
Gokui (極意) – Means “mastering the secrets”; goku (極) for “extreme” and i (意) for “intent or meaning.”
Bufu Ikkan (武風一貫) – Means “consistent observation of martial wind or tradition.”
Shoden (初伝) – “Beginning transmission,” with sho (初) meaning “first” or “beginning,” and den (伝) meaning “transmission.”

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Solo Training, don’t forget it – A Vital Part of Martial Arts Mastery

Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"September 19, 2024

From 武神館兜龍 Bujinkan Toryu by Mats Hjelm "Bujinkan Toryu"

This text about don’t forget about solo training summarizes a chapter from Masaaki Hatsumi’s “Hiden Togakure Ryū Ninpō.” It emphasizes the importance of solo training in martial arts, drawing on Hatsumi’s experiences in nature.

Don’t Forget Solo Training – A Vital Part of Martial Arts Mastery

In modern martial arts, practitioners often neglect solo training, focusing solely on group classes and teacher-led instruction. However, the author of “Hiden Togakure Ryu Ninpo” highlights the importance of solitary practice, drawing on personal experiences from the Japanese warrior tradition. Early training involved long, isolated periods in the mountains, where nature became the author’s sparring partner.

Trees, branches, and roots replaced human opponents, offering unique challenges for strikes, throws, and sweeps. This form of training developed not only physical skills but also mental clarity, awareness, and the ability to read the environment. Including the animals inhabiting the forest. Through this process, the practitioner learned valuable lessons about both the martial arts and life itself.

Solo Training vs. Group Instruction

While an excellent teacher is a significant asset. The author argues that martial arts students often encounter teachers who lack the depth of knowledge they claim to possess. Relying entirely on such instruction can lead to becoming a “puppet,” performing techniques without genuine understanding. In contrast, solo training forces the individual to develop their skills through personal trial and error. Leading to a deeper, more authentic mastery. The freedom to explore techniques independently can foster creativity and self-discovery that structured classes may stifle.

The Role of the Teacher

Interestingly, even when a skilled teacher is available, students may still choose to train independently. The author, as a martial arts instructor, has observed that some students prefer their methods. Even when they may be misguided.

In such cases, rather than forcing the student to adhere strictly to the teacher’s lessons. The author allows them to follow their path. This hands-off approach can sometimes lead the student to unexpected learning moments. Much like an apprentice who absorbs knowledge through prolonged exposure rather than direct instruction.

The Balance Between Discipline and Freedom

The key to effective martial arts training lies in balancing discipline with freedom. Overloading a student with too many lessons can be counterproductive, leading to burnout or confusion. The author believes in allowing students to progress at their own pace. Offering advanced techniques only to those who are ready to handle them. True martial arts mastery isn’t about memorizing countless moves or self-defense tricks—it’s about cultivating awareness, mental clarity, and readiness.

Solo Training and Broader Learning

The author encourages martial arts students, especially young ones, to embrace solo training as a part of their personal growth. Martial arts is not just about physical combat but a holistic discipline that includes philosophy, psychology, history, and even subjects like physics and chemistry. By being fascinated with martial arts, students can find motivation in every area of life. Turning each experience into an opportunity for learning and self-improvement.

The Philosophy of Continuous Learning

Ultimately, martial arts is a lifelong journey. The phrase “Jinsei hitori geiko nari” (“Life is made up of solo training”) encapsulates this philosophy. Every moment of life, whether in the dojo or outside, offers lessons if one remains open and committed to self-examination. Solo training not only builds martial arts skills but also fosters personal growth. Leading to a life rich in discoveries and insights.

In conclusion, solo training should not be forgotten. It is a powerful tool for developing both the body and the mind. Enabling martial artists to achieve true mastery and personal fulfillment.

More about this book

戸隠忍法流・生きる知恵
秘伝戸隠流忍法
初見良昭著
1989年4月30日発行

Togakure Ninpō Ryū: Wisdom of Living
Hiden Togakure Ryū Ninpō (Secret Tradition of Togakure Ryū Ninpō)
Written by Masaaki Hatsumi
Published on April 30, 1989
ISBN4-8069-0240-1 C2075 P1130E

Mitsugu Saotome

Mitsugu Saotome (1926–2008), pen name of Kanegae Hideyoshi, was a renowned Japanese writer of historical fiction. Winning prestigious awards like the Naoki Prize and Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for Literature. By 1989, he was a highly respected literary figure. Known for his expertise in Japanese history, particularly from the Shōwa and Heisei periods.

His endorsement of Masaaki Hatsumi’s book “Hiden Togakure Ryu Ninpo” in 1989 was a significant honor due to Saotome’s established reputation. As a leading author of historical narratives, his approval carried weight.Especially for a work dealing with Japan’s martial and ninja traditions. Saotome’s validation not only lent credibility but also likely attracted wider attention to Hatsumi’s book. Making it more appealing to readers interested in history and martial arts.

In short, Saotome’s endorsement was a mark of quality. Given his influence and prestige in Japan’s literary world, making it a substantial boost for the book’s reception and success.

A Book that Serves as a Guide to Life

Author: Saotome Mitsugu

In my historical novels, many ninjas make appearances. As a result, they are often called “ninjutsu novels,” but I am not writing about ninjutsu, I am writing about ninjas. It is rare for ninjas to surface in the mainstream history of the Warring States period. However, in reality, many events were shaped by the actions of ninjas.

Yet, these “shinobi” who lived in the night and moved in the shadows were often unrecognized technicians. They constantly walked a tightrope and had to survive in an environment filled with contempt. The techniques developed and passed down by these ninjas are a unique, blood-earned art form in the world. The term “shinobi” cannot be accurately translated into any other language, just as it is difficult for foreigners to fully comprehend the true meaning of bushidō.

Hatsumi-kun, a modern-day ninja, is the legitimate successor to the techniques of the former ninjas and is famous today for his unparalleled skill. He is highly respected in his community as a skilled bonesetter, and his character and wisdom are equally admirable.

Hatsumi teaches his disciples that the true meaning of being shinobi lies in enduring hardship, and that only by overcoming the trials and tribulations of life can one develop their character, thereby perfecting their techniques.

In today’s chaotic human world, Hatsumi-kun, who truly understands the meaning of endurance and perseverance, has written this book. It not only explains the true path of the ninja but will surely serve as a guide for living. This is the reason I confidently recommend it to the public.

— At Aoyama Shoten

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